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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the lungs

A

pulmonary

pulmon-lungs
ary-pertaining to

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2
Q

Molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues; also called breathing

A

respiration
pulmonary ventilation
ventilation

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3
Q

Pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)

A

thoracic

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4
Q

Pertaining to a blood vessel

A

Vascular

vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)
-ar: pertaining to

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5
Q

the respiratory system is associated with the medical specialty of pulmonology, also known as pulmonary medicine. This branch of medicine focuses on the treatment of diseases involving the structures of the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, their airways, and the chest wall (thoracic cage).

A

pulmonologist

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6
Q

name parts of the respiratory system

A

-nose
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tubes
-lungs
-breathing muscles

All of these organs work together to perform the mechanical and, for the

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7
Q

oxygen (O2) is inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide (CO2) leaves the bloodstream and enters the lungs where it is expelled during exhalation.

A

external respiration
O2 in CO2 out

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8
Q
  • O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the cellular level.
  • O2 leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissue cells, where it is used for energy.
  • In exchange, CO2 enters the bloodstream from the tissues and is transported back to the lungs for removal.
A

Internal respiration

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9
Q

Naso
Rhino

A

Nose

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10
Q

Tonsills

A

Tonsils and adenoids are part of the immune system that trap germs and help to prevent throat and lung infections.
They can also cause tonsillitis, glandular fever, quinsy and cancer.

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11
Q

a mass of soft tissue behind the nasal cavity that are part of the immune system. They contain white blood cells that fight foreign invaders. They can be affected by infections, enlargement, or obstruction

A

adenoids

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12
Q

-medical term for throat
-takes in air from the nasal passages
-takes in food and drink
-vibrations of its muscles help you talk

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

-located on top of the neck and is essential for breathing, vocalizing, as well as ensuring food doesn’t get stuck in the trachea and cause choking
-can be subject to bacterial infection

A

Larynx

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14
Q
  • also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all animals with lungs.
  • extends from the larynx and branches into the two primary bronchi
A

trachea

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15
Q

-the passageways that connect your windpipe to your lungs
two main bronchi in your right and left lungs that divide and branch off into smaller segments, like tree branches. At the end of your bronchi, the alveoli exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Bronchi

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16
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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17
Q

rhinorrhea

A

watery discharge from the nose

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18
Q

paralysis of the larynx

A

laryngoplegia

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19
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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20
Q

dialation or expansion of the bronchi

A

bronchiectasis

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21
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchus

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22
Q

-is a double-layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cage
-This lubricated cavity allows the lungs to move freely during breathing.

A

pleura

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23
Q

pleuralgia or pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura

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24
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleuritis or pleurisy

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25
Q

abnormal condition of blue coloration

A

cyanosis

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26
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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27
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult and painful breathing

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28
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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29
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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30
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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31
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the thorax

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32
Q

aerophagia

A

swallowing air

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33
Q

Abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or expiration, with or without a stethoscope

A

abnormal breath sounds either with or without a stethoscope

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34
Q

Fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; also called rales

A

crackles

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35
Q

Dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)

A

friction rub

36
Q

Loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways

A

rhonchi

37
Q

High-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or the larynx

A

stridor

38
Q

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway

A

wheezes

39
Q

Excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body

A

acidosis

40
Q

Life-threatening buildup of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, preventing enough oxygen (O2) from passing into the bloodstream

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

41
Q

Absence or decrease in the sense of smell

A

anosmia

42
Q

Total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs

A

anoxia

43
Q

**Total absence **of O2 in body tissues; caused by lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs

A

asphyxia

-sphyxia: pulse

a-: without, not

44
Q

Inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)

A

asthma

45
Q

Collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2 and is caused by various conditions, including obstruction by foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor

A

atelectasis

atel: incomplete; imperfect
-ectasis: -dilation, expansion

46
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both

A

bronchitis

47
Q

Group of viruses including COVID-19 that cause mild to life-threatening respiratory tract infections

A

coronvirus

48
Q

Acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

A

coryza

49
Q

Acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

A

croup

50
Q

Genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death

A

cystic fibrosis

-cyst: bladder
-ic: pertaining to
fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue
-osis: -ab

51
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue and causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation

A

emphysema (COPD)

52
Q

Hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed

A

epistaxis

epi-: above, upon
-staxis: -dripping, oozing (of blood)

53
Q

Greater than normal amounts of CO2 in blood

A

hypercapnia

hyper-: -excessive, above normal
-capnia: carbon dioxide (CO2

54
Q

Deficiency of O2 in blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

A

hypoxemia

hyp-: under, below, deficient
ox: oxygen
-emia: blood condition

55
Q

Deficiency of O2 in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

A

hypoxia

hyp-: under, below, deficient
-oxia: oxygen

56
Q

Acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

A

influenza

57
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes

A

otitis media
ear infection
-itis: inflammation
med: middle
-ia: condition

ot: ear

58
Q

Otitis Media with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum

A

exudative

59
Q

Acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough

A

pertussis

60
Q

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing

A

pleurisy

pleur: pleura
-isy: state of; conditio

61
Q

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

A

pneumothorax

pneum/o: air, lung
-thorax: chest

62
Q

Is that a typo? It says his blood oxygen level is 50 that’s too low! It’s not a typo, it’s HYPOxemia! no wonder his respiration is impaired!

A

Hypoxemia
Deficiency of O2 in blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

63
Q

Nosey People Like To Believe Lies and Baloney meat

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and breathing muscles

64
Q

These are my body guards Tony and Addy, they hang out in my throat to protect me from sickness. I called the immune system and asked them to send over their strongest guys for protection. Well, are they strong? They’re alright, sometimes they get infected and they get cut out!

A

Tonsils and Adenoids

65
Q

How is Addy so strong? Well, techinically he’s a big softy, but he has great weapons! What kind of weapons! White blood cells, they fight off infection for him!

A

Adenoids

66
Q

There’s my friend Poxia, she is the girl who dosen’t have oxygen in her tissue. Make sure you say Hi to Poxia! Ok Hipoxia!

A

Hypoxia
low levels of O2 in body tissue which leads to respiratory impairment!

67
Q

La la la la la la! wow you have a great voice! Thank you, I get it from my la la la larynx!

A

larynx “voice box”

68
Q

what do you call diarrhea of the nose?

A

Rhinorrhea

69
Q

Mr. Bronchi you look so happy! oh well I am Ecstatic!! I was contricted and now I am dialated and extended!

A

Bronchiectasis
dialation or expansion of the bronchi

70
Q

Are you single? No, I’m pleura! Plus I can’t go out I have a serous job lining the lungs and the thoracic cage so the lungs can move freely!

A

Pleura
-is a double-layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cage
-This lubricated cavity allows the lungs to move freely during breathing.

71
Q

Dys breathing really hurts me! Breathing shouldn’t hurt like Dys!

A

dyspnea
difficult and painful breathing

72
Q

I’m all out of oxygen in my lungs and my tissues, I have AN OXIgen problem

A

anoxia

73
Q

She said she has too much CO2! No cap?
ummm, yes cap, a lot of cap, she has too much cap!! In fact, her blood is full of cap!

A

Hypercapnia
Greater than normal amounts of CO2 in blood

Capnia- CO2

74
Q

NO SMOKING! I can’t emphasize this enough! You won’t be able to COPD when your lungs are not longer elastic and the small airways collapse when you exhale!

A

Emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

75
Q

His bronchi sound rhonchi, he must have obstructed airways!

A

Loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways

76
Q

While on a run, the girl heard a high-pitch squeak with each STRIDe she took, she didn’t know if it was the sound of her sneaker taking a stridor if it was something obstructing her trachea or larynx!

A
77
Q

During the show Mr. Tussis said we could cheer and whoop when we see an acute infectious disease! Why would you cheer when someone has a really bad cough. As per Tussis, it is allowed!

A

Pertussis
Acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough

78
Q

Mr. Cory Za has an inflammed nasal passage and doesn’t look so good. Wow, why kick him when he’s down, that’s just cold!

A

Coryza
Acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

79
Q

hEy, U seem to be breathing normally!

A

Eupnea
Breathing normally

80
Q

Brady is so slow, he walks slow, he talks slow, he even breathes slow!

A

bradypnea
slow breathing

81
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting/coughing

82
Q

Hemoptysis

A

spitting or coughing up blood from lungs

83
Q

Trache/o

A

trachea “windpipe”

84
Q

-plasty

A

reconstruction

85
Q

toxic particles become trapped in the lungs and cause symptoms and disability such a “black lung” or “miner’s lung” disease

A

Pneumoconiosis

86
Q

special X-rays of the vessels of the lungs

A

Pulmonary angiography

87
Q

mucus or phlegm coughed up from the respiratory tract

A

sputum

Medical Terminology (55 decks)

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