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2nd Year - Anatomy > Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Urinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the functions of the kidneys?

A

Regulation of body fluid

Regulation of electrolytes

Blood filtration

Blood pressure regulation

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2
Q

Within what cavity is the urinary system located?

A

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

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3
Q

What system is the urinary system closely related to anatomically?

A

Reproductive system

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4
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Urethra

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5
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

Maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

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6
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Urine transported from kidneys to bladder

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7
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

Temporary storage of urine

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8
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Transport of urine out of the body

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9
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

In the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebrae T12-L3

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10
Q

Besides what vertebrae do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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11
Q

What plane does the hilus of the kidney lie on?

A

Transpyloric plane

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12
Q

What is the hilus of the kidney?

A

Part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/leave the substance of the kidney

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13
Q

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

A

L1

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14
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

Right kidney due to the liver

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15
Q

What is the covering of the kidneys called?

A

Fascial coverings of the kidneys

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16
Q

What 4 layers enclose each kidney (fascial of the kidneys)?

A

Fibrous renal capsule

Fatty renal capsule

Renal fascia (fibro-fatty tissue)

Pararenal fatty tissue (mainly on the posterior aspect of the kidney)

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17
Q

What is A?

A

Kidney

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18
Q

What is B?

A

Fibrous Renal capsule

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19
Q

What is C?

A

Perirenal fat

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20
Q

What is D?

A

Renal fascia

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21
Q

What is E?

A

Pararenal fat

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22
Q

What is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidney?

A

Protection

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23
Q

What are the posterior relations (muscles) to the kidneys?

A

Diaphragm

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

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24
Q

What is A?

A

Diaphragm

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25
What is B?
Psoas major
26
What is C?
Quadratus lumborum
27
What is the consequence of the close relation between the kidneys and the diaphragm?
They move during respiration
28
Are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal, along with the rest of the urinary tract
29
What are two parts of the GI tract that are retroperitoneal?
Pancreas Ascending/descending colon
30
What is the anterior surface of the kidneys related to?
Viscera of the GI system
31
What is the anterior relation to 1 on the right kidney?
Suprarenal gland
32
What is the anterior relation to 2 on the right kidney?
Liver
33
What is the anterior relation to 3 on the right kidney?
Duodenum
34
What is the anterior relation to 4 on the right kidney?
Colon
35
What is the anterior relation to 5 on the right kidney?
Jejenum
36
What is the anterior relation to 1 on the left kidney?
Suprarenal gland
37
What is the anterior relation to 2 on the left kidney?
Stomach
38
What is the anterior relation to 3 on the left kidney?
Spleen
39
What is the anterior relation to 4 on the left kidney?
Pancreas
40
What is the anterior relation to 5 on the left kidney?
Small bowel
41
What is the anterior relation to 6 on the left kidney?
Left colic flexure
42
Part of the kidneys are peritonised, what does this depend on?
If the organ that lies on that part of the kidney is peritonised then the kidney below it is also peritonised If the organ is retroperitonised then the kidney below it will not be peritonised
43
Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?
Sympathetic - T12 and L1, pass through coeliac ganglia and along renal artery to the organ Parasympathetic - vagus nerve
44
Lymph from the kidneys are drained to where?
Para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1)
45
What is A?
Renal cortex
46
What is B?
Renal medulla
47
What is C?
Renal papilla
48
What is D?
Renal pyramids
49
What is E?
Renal columns
50
What is F?
Fibrous capsule
51
What is G?
Minor calyx
52
What is H?
Major calyx
53
What is I?
Ureter
54
What is J?
Renal pelvis
55
What is K?
Renal vein
56
What is L?
Renal artery
57
What is M?
Hilum
58
What are some parts within the medulla?
Renal pyramid Calyx Ureter Renal pelvis Hilum of the kidney
59
What does this image show?
Kidney
60
What is A?
Cortex of kidney
61
What is B?
Medulla of kidney
62
What is A?
Glomurular capilarries
63
What is B?
Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
64
What is C?
Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
65
What is D?
Bowman's space
66
What does this show?
Renal corpuscle
67
What does this show?
Nephron
68
What is A?
Cortex
69
What is B?
Medulla
70
What is C?
Collecting duct
71
What is D?
Loop of Henle
72
What is E?
Collecting tubule
73
What is F?
Distal convulated tubule
74
What is G?
Renal corpuscle
75
What is H?
Proximal convulated tubule
76
What is I?
Capsule
77
What does this show?
Renal corpuscle
78
What is A?
Glomerulus
79
What is B?
Bowman's capsule (space)
80
Filtration of blood plasma takes place where?
Renal corpuscle
81
Renal corpuscles are always found where?
Renal cortex
82
After leaving the renal corpuscle, the filtrate passes through the renal tubule in what order?
1) Proximal convulated tubule (in the renal cortex) 2) Loop of Henle (in the medulla) 3) Distal convulated tubule (in thhe renal cortex) 4) Collecting tubule (in the medulla) 5) Collecting duct (in the medulla)
83
Where is the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule found?
Close to renal corpuscle, in a structure known as the juxtaglomerular complex
84
What lies between the visceral and parietal layers of Bowman's capsule?
Bowman's space
85
At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?
L1/L2
86
What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?
Divides into 5 branches
87
What consequence does the relationship between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava have on the renal arteries and veins?
Left renal vein travels anterior to aorta and is long, while right renal vein travels direct and is short Conversely, right renal artery travels posterior to inferior vena cava and is long, left renal artery travels direct and is short
88
What vein travels up from the pelvis and drains into the left renal vein?
Left gonadal vein
89
What is A?
Left gonadal vein
90
What is B?
Right gonadal vein
91
Is the ureter retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
92
What is the ureter?
A distensible muscular tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder
93
In what cavities does the ureter lie?
Proximal portion - abdominal cavity Distal portion - pelvic cavity
94
What does the ureter commence as?
Dilated portion called the renal pelvis
95
Where does the renal pelvis lie in relationt to the renal vessels?
Posterior
96
What does the ureter lie on as it descends?
Psoas major
97
What is the path of the ureter from kidney to bladder?
Descends along psoas major Cross anterior to bifurcation of common iliac artery Courses along lateral wall of pelvis Turns medially to reach bladder
98
In a male, what crosses the ureter superiorly?
Ductus (vas) deferens
99
In a female, what crosses the ureter superiorly?
Ovarian artery
100
What are the 3 constrictors in the ureters where calculi (stones) often lodge?
1) Origin 2) Pelvic brim 3) Vesiculo-ureteric junction
101
Which part of the bladder does the ureter enter?
Lateral aspect in oblique manner
102
From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
Urinary meatus
103
Embryologically, what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?
Urachus
104
What kind of tissue makes up the walls of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
105
What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the urinary bladder?
Pubic symphysis
106
What symptoms can be present if a bladder is enlarged and reaches into the abdominal cavity?
Difficulty urinating
107
What is the relation between the peritoneum and the urinary bladder?
Parietal peritoneum from the inferior part of abdominal wall drapes over superior surface of urinary bladder and dips behind posterior surface to form peritoneal pouches
108
What kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureter?
Transitional epithelium
109
What is the advantage of transitional epithelium lining the ureter and urinary bladder?
Does not allow leakage
110

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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