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2nd Year - Anatomy > MUSCLE > Flashcards

MUSCLE Flashcards

1
Q

Where does a muscle insert into a bone

A

The fibres of a tendon at the either end of a muscle are embedded into the periosteum of the bone.

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2
Q

Why is it important that the tendon is strongly anchored

A

To spread the force of contraction

To ensure the tendon wont tear away

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3
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

Flat thin and broad muscle tendons

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4
Q

Where are aponeurosis found?

A

Anterior tendons of abdominal muscles

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5
Q

How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii muscle

A

3

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6
Q

How many joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross

A

1

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7
Q

What joints does the bicep brachii muscle cross

A

The shoulder
The elbow
The superior radio-ulnar

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8
Q

What joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross

A

Shoulder

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9
Q

What innervates skeletal muscle

A

Motor nerves

Branchial nerves

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10
Q

What are branchial nerves

A

Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish. Some sources prefer the term “branchiomotor” or “branchial efferent”.

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11
Q

Where is cardiac muscle location

A

In the heart

In some large vessels that join to the heart

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12
Q

What inervates cardiac muscle

A

Visceral motor nerves

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13
Q

What innervates smooth muscle

A

Visceral motor nerves

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14
Q

Where is smooth muscle found

A 
Tunica media 
Hair follicles 
The eyeball 
gastrointestinal walls 
respiratory walls
urogenital
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15
Q

Describe a tendon

A

A non-fleshy, dense regular connective tissue at the end of the muscle

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16
Q

What is special about the diaphragm (tendon wise)

A

Its tendon is located in the centre of the muscle

‘the central tendon’

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17
Q

What direction does the diaphragm move on contraction

A

descend

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18
Q

What makes up the deltoid muscle

A

Anterior, middle and posterior

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19
Q

What movement is the middle fibre of the deltoid responsible for

A

abduction

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20
Q

What movement is the anterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for

A

flexion

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21
Q

What movement is the posterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for

A

extension

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22
Q

What do you call a pair of muscles who contract/relax oppositely and simultaneously

A

An antagonistic pair

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23
Q

What do you call muscles that help perform the same set of joint movements as the agonists.

A

Synergists

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24
Q

What does a synergist help with

A

It helps control the movement so that it falls within a range of motion which is safe and desirable.

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25
Q

What is a fixator/stabilising muscle

A

A muscle whos primary act is to stablize the joint to which they are attached. They reduce the risk of dislocation at the joint

26
Q

Where are fixator/stabilising muscles usually found

A

Hip and shoulder joints

27
Q

What are the stabilising muscles at the shoulder called

A

Rotator cuff

28
Q

How are muscles generally compartmentalised (x3)

A

Deep fascial intermuscular septa (which separate them into their compartments
Common nerves supplying all the muscles in the compartment
Common actions of the muscles within the compartment

29
Q

What is useful about knowing the arrangement of the deep fascia and partitioning structures of muscles

A

Helps clinicians to track infection spread

30
Q

Where do the inter muscular septa extend from

A

The periosteum

31
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

Flat, thin and broad tendon

32
Q

What is an example of an aponeurosis found

A

Connecting Abdominal oblique muscles

33
Q

Describe what happens at the extension of a joint

A

The bones composing a joint move further away from each other

34
Q

How many joints does the biceps brachii cross?

A

3

35
Q

How many joints do the triceps cross?

A

2

36
Q

How many joints does the brachioradialis cross?

A

2

37
Q

What are skeletal muscles called that cross the median sagital plane (go from one side of the body to the other)

A

Diaphragm

38
Q

How many Diaphragms are there in the body

A

4

39
Q

What shape is the deltoid muscle

A

fan shaped

40
Q

Where is the deltoid muscle located

A

Shoulder

41
Q

How many parts does the deltoid muscle have?

A

3

42
Q

What is an example of a synergist muscle

A

Rotator cuff muscle

43
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

They stabilise the shoulder joint during its movements

They fix the shoulder joint in a stationary position when only movement at the elbow joint is required.

44
Q

Where does the tendon of the quadricep connect to the knee?

A

Anteriorly

45
Q

What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the arm

A

Brachial plexus

46
Q

What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the leg

A

Lumbosacral plexus

47
Q

What spinal region do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?

A

Cervical region (neck)

48
Q

What spinal nerve roots do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?

A

C5-T1

49
Q

What spinal nerve roots do the lumbosacral plexus nerves originate from?

A

L1-S4

50
Q

What can damage to a plexus cause

A

Paralysis and deformities in innervated extremities

51
Q

How many muscles are in human body (roughly)

A

600-700

52
Q

Where are the internal and external oblique muscles located

A

Abdominal wall

53
Q

What is structurally significant about the oblique muscles

A

They are directed approximately 90 degrees to each other

54
Q

What direction do the rectus abdominis muscles travel?

A

Vertically

55
Q

Where is the serratus anterior muscle found

A

Anterior of ribs

56
Q

What does ‘rectus’ mean anatomically

A

Straight

57
Q

What does ‘ceps’ mean anatomically

A

Heads

58
Q

What does ‘teres’ mean anatomically

A

Round and smooth or cylindrical

59
Q

Do sphincters have smooth muscle or skeletal muscle?

A

Some have both

60
Q

What are examples of sphincters with skeletal muscle control

A

external anal sphincter

external urethral sphincter

61
Q

What two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach

A

Clavical

Mastoid

62
Q

What imaging technique is best used for investigating muscles

A

MRI

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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