MUSCLE Flashcards
Where does a muscle insert into a bone
The fibres of a tendon at the either end of a muscle are embedded into the periosteum of the bone.
Why is it important that the tendon is strongly anchored
To spread the force of contraction
To ensure the tendon wont tear away
What is an aponeurosis
Flat thin and broad muscle tendons
Where are aponeurosis found?
Anterior tendons of abdominal muscles
How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii muscle
3
How many joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross
1
What joints does the bicep brachii muscle cross
The shoulder
The elbow
The superior radio-ulnar
What joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross
Shoulder
What innervates skeletal muscle
Motor nerves
Branchial nerves
What are branchial nerves
Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish. Some sources prefer the term “branchiomotor” or “branchial efferent”.
Where is cardiac muscle location
In the heart
In some large vessels that join to the heart
What inervates cardiac muscle
Visceral motor nerves
What innervates smooth muscle
Visceral motor nerves
Where is smooth muscle found
Tunica media Hair follicles The eyeball gastrointestinal walls respiratory walls urogenital
Describe a tendon
A non-fleshy, dense regular connective tissue at the end of the muscle
What is special about the diaphragm (tendon wise)
Its tendon is located in the centre of the muscle
‘the central tendon’
What direction does the diaphragm move on contraction
descend
What makes up the deltoid muscle
Anterior, middle and posterior
What movement is the middle fibre of the deltoid responsible for
abduction
What movement is the anterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for
flexion
What movement is the posterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for
extension
What do you call a pair of muscles who contract/relax oppositely and simultaneously
An antagonistic pair
What do you call muscles that help perform the same set of joint movements as the agonists.
Synergists
What does a synergist help with
It helps control the movement so that it falls within a range of motion which is safe and desirable.
What is a fixator/stabilising muscle
A muscle whos primary act is to stablize the joint to which they are attached. They reduce the risk of dislocation at the joint
Where are fixator/stabilising muscles usually found
Hip and shoulder joints
What are the stabilising muscles at the shoulder called
Rotator cuff
How are muscles generally compartmentalised (x3)
Deep fascial intermuscular septa (which separate them into their compartments
Common nerves supplying all the muscles in the compartment
Common actions of the muscles within the compartment
What is useful about knowing the arrangement of the deep fascia and partitioning structures of muscles
Helps clinicians to track infection spread
Where do the inter muscular septa extend from
The periosteum
What is an aponeurosis
Flat, thin and broad tendon
What is an example of an aponeurosis found
Connecting Abdominal oblique muscles
Describe what happens at the extension of a joint
The bones composing a joint move further away from each other
How many joints does the biceps brachii cross?
3
How many joints do the triceps cross?
2
How many joints does the brachioradialis cross?
2
What are skeletal muscles called that cross the median sagital plane (go from one side of the body to the other)
Diaphragm
How many Diaphragms are there in the body
4
What shape is the deltoid muscle
fan shaped
Where is the deltoid muscle located
Shoulder
How many parts does the deltoid muscle have?
3
What is an example of a synergist muscle
Rotator cuff muscle
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
They stabilise the shoulder joint during its movements
They fix the shoulder joint in a stationary position when only movement at the elbow joint is required.
Where does the tendon of the quadricep connect to the knee?
Anteriorly
What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the arm
Brachial plexus
What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the leg
Lumbosacral plexus
What spinal region do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?
Cervical region (neck)
What spinal nerve roots do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?
C5-T1
What spinal nerve roots do the lumbosacral plexus nerves originate from?
L1-S4
What can damage to a plexus cause
Paralysis and deformities in innervated extremities
How many muscles are in human body (roughly)
600-700
Where are the internal and external oblique muscles located
Abdominal wall
What is structurally significant about the oblique muscles
They are directed approximately 90 degrees to each other
What direction do the rectus abdominis muscles travel?
Vertically
Where is the serratus anterior muscle found
Anterior of ribs
What does ‘rectus’ mean anatomically
Straight
What does ‘ceps’ mean anatomically
Heads
What does ‘teres’ mean anatomically
Round and smooth or cylindrical
Do sphincters have smooth muscle or skeletal muscle?
Some have both
What are examples of sphincters with skeletal muscle control
external anal sphincter
external urethral sphincter
What two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach
Clavical
Mastoid
What imaging technique is best used for investigating muscles
MRI
