MUSCLE

Question 1

Where does a muscle insert into a bone

Answer 1

The fibres of a tendon at the either end of a muscle are embedded into the periosteum of the bone.

Question 2

Why is it important that the tendon is strongly anchored

Answer 2

To spread the force of contraction

To ensure the tendon wont tear away

Question 3

What is an aponeurosis

Answer 3

Flat thin and broad muscle tendons

Question 4

Where are aponeurosis found?

Answer 4

Anterior tendons of abdominal muscles

Question 5

How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii muscle

Answer 5

3

Question 6

How many joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross

Answer 6

1

Question 7

What joints does the bicep brachii muscle cross

Answer 7

The shoulder
The elbow
The superior radio-ulnar

Question 8

What joints does the pectoralis major muscle cross

Answer 8

Shoulder

Question 9

What innervates skeletal muscle

Answer 9

Motor nerves

Branchial nerves

Question 10

What are branchial nerves

Answer 10

Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish. Some sources prefer the term “branchiomotor” or “branchial efferent”.

Question 11

Where is cardiac muscle location

Answer 11

In the heart

In some large vessels that join to the heart

Question 12

What inervates cardiac muscle

Answer 12

Visceral motor nerves

Question 13

What innervates smooth muscle

Answer 13

Visceral motor nerves

Question 14

Where is smooth muscle found

Answer 14

Tunica media 
Hair follicles 
The eyeball 
gastrointestinal walls 
respiratory walls
urogenital

Question 15

Describe a tendon

Answer 15

A non-fleshy, dense regular connective tissue at the end of the muscle

Question 16

What is special about the diaphragm (tendon wise)

Answer 16

Its tendon is located in the centre of the muscle

‘the central tendon’

Question 17

What direction does the diaphragm move on contraction

Answer 17

descend

Question 18

What makes up the deltoid muscle

Answer 18

Anterior, middle and posterior

Question 19

What movement is the middle fibre of the deltoid responsible for

Answer 19

abduction

Question 20

What movement is the anterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for

Answer 20

flexion

Question 21

What movement is the posterior fibre of the deltoid responsible for

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

What do you call a pair of muscles who contract/relax oppositely and simultaneously

Answer 22

An antagonistic pair

Question 23

What do you call muscles that help perform the same set of joint movements as the agonists.

Answer 23

Synergists

Question 24

What does a synergist help with

Answer 24

It helps control the movement so that it falls within a range of motion which is safe and desirable.

Question 25

What is a fixator/stabilising muscle

Answer 25

A muscle whos primary act is to stablize the joint to which they are attached. They reduce the risk of dislocation at the joint

Question 26

Where are fixator/stabilising muscles usually found

Answer 26

Hip and shoulder joints

Question 27

What are the stabilising muscles at the shoulder called

Answer 27

Rotator cuff

Question 28

How are muscles generally compartmentalised (x3)

Answer 28

Deep fascial intermuscular septa (which separate them into their compartments Common nerves supplying all the muscles in the compartment Common actions of the muscles within the compartment

Question 29

What is useful about knowing the arrangement of the deep fascia and partitioning structures of muscles

Answer 29

Helps clinicians to track infection spread

Question 30

Where do the inter muscular septa extend from

Answer 30

The periosteum

Question 31

What is an aponeurosis

Answer 31

Flat, thin and broad tendon

Question 32

What is an example of an aponeurosis found

Answer 32

Connecting Abdominal oblique muscles

Question 33

Describe what happens at the extension of a joint

Answer 33

The bones composing a joint move further away from each other

Question 34

How many joints does the biceps brachii cross?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

How many joints do the triceps cross?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many joints does the brachioradialis cross?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

What are skeletal muscles called that cross the median sagital plane (go from one side of the body to the other)

Answer 37

Diaphragm

Question 38

How many Diaphragms are there in the body

Answer 38

4

Question 39

What shape is the deltoid muscle

Answer 39

fan shaped

Question 40

Where is the deltoid muscle located

Answer 40

Shoulder

Question 41

How many parts does the deltoid muscle have?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

What is an example of a synergist muscle

Answer 42

Rotator cuff muscle

Question 43

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 43

They stabilise the shoulder joint during its movements | They fix the shoulder joint in a stationary position when only movement at the elbow joint is required.

Question 44

Where does the tendon of the quadricep connect to the knee?

Answer 44

Anteriorly

Question 45

What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the arm

Answer 45

Brachial plexus

Question 46

What plexus supplies the individual nerves to each muscle compartment in the leg

Answer 46

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 47

What spinal region do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?

Answer 47

Cervical region (neck)

Question 48

What spinal nerve roots do the brachial plexus nerves originate from?

Answer 48

C5-T1

Question 49

What spinal nerve roots do the lumbosacral plexus nerves originate from?

Answer 49

L1-S4

Question 50

What can damage to a plexus cause

Answer 50

Paralysis and deformities in innervated extremities

Question 51

How many muscles are in human body (roughly)

Answer 51

600-700

Question 52

Where are the internal and external oblique muscles located

Answer 52

Abdominal wall

Question 53

What is structurally significant about the oblique muscles

Answer 53

They are directed approximately 90 degrees to each other

Question 54

What direction do the rectus abdominis muscles travel?

Answer 54

Vertically

Question 55

Where is the serratus anterior muscle found

Answer 55

Anterior of ribs

Question 56

What does 'rectus' mean anatomically

Answer 56

Straight

Question 57

What does 'ceps' mean anatomically

Answer 57

Heads

Question 58

What does 'teres' mean anatomically

Answer 58

Round and smooth or cylindrical

Question 59

Do sphincters have smooth muscle or skeletal muscle?

Answer 59

Some have both

Question 60

What are examples of sphincters with skeletal muscle control

Answer 60

external anal sphincter | external urethral sphincter

Question 61

What two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach

Answer 61

Clavical | Mastoid

Question 62

What imaging technique is best used for investigating muscles

Answer 62

MRI