Head and Neck 6 Flashcards
1
Q
What is A?
A
2
Q
What is B?
A
Lacrimal
3
Q
What is C?
A
Ethmoid
4
Q
What is D?
A
Supra-orbital notch
5
Q
What is E?
A
Frontal
6
Q
What is F?
A
Palatine
7
Q
What is G?
A
Zygomatic
8
Q
What is H?
A
Maxilla
9
Q
What passes through the optic foramen?
A
Optic nerve
Opthalmic artery
10
Q
What passes through the superior orbital fissure?
A
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Opthalmic division of CN V
Opthalmic veins
11
Q
What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?
A
Maxillary division of CN V
12
Q
What are the 3 foramina at the apex of the orbit?
A
Optic foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
13
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal sinus
14
Q
What is B?
A
Ethmoid sinus
15
Q
What is C?
A
Maxilla sinus
16
Q
What are the main contents of the orbit?
A
Eye ball
Extrinsic ocular muscles
Ligaments supporting the eye
Optic nerve
Branches of opthalmic artery
Lacrimal apparatus
17
Q
Opthalmic artery is a branch from what?
A
ICA
18
Q
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
A
Outer fibrous layer
Middle vascular layer
Inner sensory layer
19
Q
What forms the outer fibrous layer of the eye?
A
Sclera
Cornea
20
Q
Is the outer fibrous complete or incomplete?
A
Is a complete layer (extends all the way through)
21
Q
What forms the middle vascular layer of the eye?
A
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
22
Q
Is the middle vascular layer complete or incomplete?
A
Is incomplete anterior
Anterior aperature (in iris) is called the pupil
23
Q
What is the inner sensory layer composed of?
A
Retina
24
Q
Is the inner sensory layer of the eye complete or incomplete?
A
Present posteriorly but anteriorly stops short just in front of equator of eye
25
What can the crystalline lens of the eye be divided into?
Anterior - aqueous humor (water fluid in anterior section)
Posterior - vitreous humor (gel in posterior segment)
26
What part of the eye produces aqueous humor?
Ciliary epithelium which is a structure that supports the lens
27
What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?
Ciliaris
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae
28
What is the location, action and innervation of the ciliaris?
Location - acts on lens
Action - accomodation
Innervation - parasympathetiv via CN II
29
What is the location, action and innervation of the sphincter pupillae?
Location - pupillary border of iris
Action - constricts pupil
Innervation - parasympathetic via cranial nerve CN III
30
What is the location, action and innervation of the dilator pupillae?
Location - outside border of iris (not next to pupil)
Action - dilates pupil
Innervation - sympathetic innervation
31
Are movements are produced by intrinsic or extrinsic muscles of the eye?
Extrinsic muscles
32
What are the different movements of the eyes?
Elevation
Adduction (looking medially)
Abduction (looking laterally)
Depression
Intort
Extort
33
When can intortion and extortion of the eyes occur?
When the head is tilted to keep the eyeballs focussed on an object the eyes rotate in the opposite direction
34
What is intortion?
When the top of the eye rotates towards the nose
35
What is extortion?
When the top of the eye rotates away from the nose
36
The eyes looking laterally is called?
Abduction
37
The eyes looking medially is called?
Adduction
38
What is A?
Trochlea (ligamentous sling)
39
What is B?
Superior oblique
40
What is C?
Superior rectus
41
What is D?
Levator palpebrae superioris
42
What is E?
Medial rectus
43
What is F?
Optic nerve
44
What is G?
Superior rectus
45
What is H?
Superior rectus
46
What is I?
Superior oblique
47
What is J?
Frontal bone
48
What is K?
Levatator palpebrae superioris
49
What is L?
Trochlea
50
What is M?
Inferior oblique
51
What is N?
Maxilla
52
What is O?
Inferior rectus
53
What is P?
Lateral rectus
54
What is Q?
Inferior rectus
55
What is A?
Trochlea
56
What is B?
Superior oblique
57
What is C?
Medial rectus
58
What is D?
Inferior rectus
59
What is E?
Inferior oblique
60
What is F?
Lateral rectus
61
What is G?
Superior rectus
62
What is the action of the medial rectus?
Adducts eyeball
63
What is the action of the lateral rectus?
Abducts eye ball
64
What is the action of the superior rectus?
1) Elevates
2) Adducts
3) Intorsion
65
What is the action the inferior rectus?
1) Deoresses
2) Adducts
3) Extorsion
66
What is the action of the superior oblique?
1) Depression
2) Abduction
3) Intorsion
67
What is the action of the inferior oblique?
1) Elevates
2) Adducts
3) Intorsion
68
What is the only extrinsic eye muscle that does not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?
Inferior oblique
69
Name the ligaments that prevents over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye?
Medial and lateral check ligaments
70
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?
Hold the eye in place
71
Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye?
Opthalmic artery
72
Which foramina in the orbit do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
73
Where are the lymphatics in the orbit?
There are no lymphatics in the orbit
74
Which part of the orbit does the lacrimal gland lie?
Lateral
75
From which cranial nerve does parasympathetic innervation to this structure arise?
CN II
76
Into which meatus of the nasal cavity does the lacrimal gland drain?
Inferior meatus
77
What does the lacrimal gland drain via?
Nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus
78
What forms the ossicles?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
79
What types of joints are found between the ossicles?
Incudomallear joint (synovial joint)
80
Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
81
Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?
Stapes
82
Name two muscles related to the ossicles?
Tensor tempani
Stapedius
83
What is the action of the tensor tempani?
Pulls handle of malleus medially, tensing tympanic membrane and reducing amplification of vibration
84
What is the action of the stapedius?
Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts base in oval window, tightening angular ligament and reducing oscillatory range
85
Name two areas with which the cavity of the middle ear communicates?
Mastoid air cells (by means of the aditus)
Nasopharynx (by means of the Eustachian tube)
86
Inner ear connects to the mastoid air cells via what?
Aditus
87
Inner ear connects to the nasophaynx via what?
Eustachian tube
88
Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?
Petrous ridge
89
What are the series of bone lined chambers within the inner ear called?
Bony labyrinth
90
What is found inside the bony ladyrinth of the inner ear?
Series of membraneous chambers called the membranous labyrinth
91
What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
92
What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth?
Endolymph
93
What is the function of the cochlea and the semicircular canals?
Cochlea - hearing
Semicircular canals - balance
94
What is A?
Perietal bone
95
What is B?
Malleus
96
What is C?
Incus
97
What is D?
Tympanic membrane
98
What is E?
Stapes
99
What is F?
Pharyngotympanic tube (euchastian tube)
100
What is the pharyngotympanic tube also called?
Euchachian tube
101
What is G?
Cochlea
102
What is H?
CN VIII
103
What is I?
Semicircular canals
104
Through which foramin does the facial nerve (CN VII) exit the posterior cranial fossa?
Stylomastoid foramen
105
Other than the facial nerve, what other cranial nerve exits through the stylomastoid foramen?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
106
How does the facial nerve run through the middle ear?
In a canal (facial canal) on the medial wall
107
What nerve does the facial nerve give of whilst in the middle ear?
Chorda tympani nerve
108
What fibres does the chorda tympani nerve carry?
Parasympathetic efferent fibres destined for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (are secretomotor)
Sensory fibres carrying the special sense of taste (supplying the fungiform pupillae)
109
What are the group of terminal lymph nodes for the head and neck before the lymph returns to venous circulation?
Cervical lymph nodes
110
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?
Chain around internal jugular vein, within the fascia of the carotid sheath
111
112
At the inferior end of the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes, the efferent lymphatic vessels join together to form what on each side?
Jugular lymph node
113
Where do efferent lymphatics from jugular lymph trunks drain into on the right and left side?
Right - right lymphatic duct
Left - thoracic duct
114
What are the groups of nodes in the face and scalps?
Parotid nodes
Buccal
Submental
Submandibular
Mastoid
Occipital
115
What is the location of the parotid nodes?
On or in parotid gland
116
What is the location of the buccal nodes?
Over buccinator muscle
117
What is the location of the submental nodes?
Anteriorly just under mandible
118
What is the location of the submandibular nodes?
Below lower border of body of mandible
119
What is the location of the mastoid nodes?
Overlie mastoid process
120
What is the location of the occipital nodes?
Overlie occpital process
121
Where do the parotid nodes drain from?
Scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of eyelids and middle ear
122
Where do the buccal nodes drain from?
Cheek region
123
Where do the submental nodes drain from?
Anterior tongue tip, central part of the floor of the mouth and chin
124
Where do the submandibular nodes drain from?
Front of scalp, nose, lips, air sinuses (ethmoid, frontal, maxillary)
Teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth
and efferent lymphatics from submental nodes
125
Where do the mastoid nodes drain from?
Middle region of scalp and external auditory meatus
126
Where do the occipital nodes drain from?
Back of scalp
127
What are examples of groups of nodes that drain from the neck?
Anterior cervical nodes
Superficial cervical nodes
Retropharyngeal nodes
Laryngeal nodes
Tracheal nodes
128
What is the location of tracheal nodes?
Around trachea
129
What is the location of laryngeal nodes?
Lie around the cricothyroid ligament
130
What is the location of retropharyngeal nodes?
Lie between the pharynx and the vertebral bodies
131
What is the location of superficial cervical nodes?
Lie along external jugular vein
132
What is the location of anterior cervical nodes?
Lie along anterior jugular veins
133
Where do the tracheal nodes drain from?
Trachea and thyroid gland
134
Where do the laryngeal nodes drain from?
Larynx and adjacent structures
135
Where do the retropharyngeal nodes drain from?
Nasopharynx, auditory tube and the upper cervical vertebral column
136
Where do the superficial cervical nodes drain from?
From parotid nodes, and the angle of the mandible, structures that lie at the junction between the neck, the face and the scalp
137
Where do the anterior cervical nodes drain from?
Superficial structures of anterior neck
138
What is A?
Parotid nodes
139
What is B?
Buccal nodes
140
What is C?
Submandibular nodes
141
What is D?
Submental nodes
142
What is E?
Deep cervical nodes
143
What is F?
Infrahyoid nodes
144
What is G?
Superfical cervical nodes
145
What is H?
Occipital nodes
146
What is I?
Mastoid nodes
