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2nd Year - Anatomy > Head and Neck 2 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment

Vascular compartment

Visceral compartment

Musculofascial collar

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2
Q

What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles (prevertebral and postvertebral muscles)

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3
Q

What does the vascular compartment of the neck contain?

A

Vascular compartment is paired and consists of the two carotid sheaths found on each side of the trachea. Each carotid sheath contains the vagus nerve, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein.

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4
Q

What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Thyroid

Parathyroid glands

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Oesophagus

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5
Q

What compartment is A?

A

Vertebral compartment

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6
Q

What compartment is B?

A

Musculofascial collar

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7
Q

What compartment is C?

A

Vascular compartment

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8
Q

What compartment is D?

A

Visceral compartment

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Transverse process

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Body of vertebrae

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Foramen transversium

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Superior articular facet

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Spinous process

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14
Q

What is F?

A

Vertebral foramen

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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16
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occopital condyles and C1 (atlas)?

A

Condyloid (synovial)

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17
Q

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

A

Pivot (synovial)

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18
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral artery

Vertebral vein

Sympathetic plexus

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19
Q

What is the vertebrae prominens?

A

C7

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20
Q

What is a special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process

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21
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A

Lordosis

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22
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior and posterior triangles

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

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24
Q

What is B?

A

Mandible

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25
Q

What is C?

A

Digastric muscle (anterior belly)

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26
Q

What is D?

A

Digastric muscle (posterior belly)

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27
Q

What is E?

A

Hyoid bone

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28
Q

What is F?

A

Omyhyoid muscle (anterior belly)

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29
Q

What is G?

A

Omyhyoid muscle (posterior belly)

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30
Q

What is H?

A

Trapezius

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31
Q

What is I?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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32
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Superiorly - inferior border of mandible

Posteriorly - anterior border of SCM

Anteriorly - median line of neck

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33
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anteriorly - posterior border of SCM

Posteriorly - anterior border of trapezius

Inferiorly - clavicle between SCM and trapezius

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34
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Submandibular gland

Submental lymph nodes

Common carotid artery and branches

Internal jugular vein and tributaries

Vagus nerve

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35
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Part of external jugular vein

Posterior branches of cervical plexus

Trunk of brachial plexus

Cervical lymph nodes

Subclavian artery

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

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36
Q

What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

Origin - anterior surface of manubrium, and superior border/anterior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle

Insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process and nochal line of occipital bone

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37
Q

What happens if the right sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted?

A

Head tilts to the right

Face turns to the left

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38
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Rotates, elevates, depresses, retracts scapula

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39
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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40
Q

In which triangle of the neck is the accessory nerve (CN XI) found?

A

Posterior triangle

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41
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

A

Origin - occipital bone and spinous process of T1 to T12

Insertion - lateral 1/3 of clavicle and scapula

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42
Q

What is the anterior triangle further divided into 4 more triangles by?

A

Diagastric and omohyoid muscles

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43
Q

What 4 triangles can the anterior triangle be divided into?

A

Submental

Digastric

Carotid

Muscular

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44
Q

What is A?

A

Submental triangle

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45
Q

What is B?

A

Muscular triangle

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46
Q

What is C?

A

Carotid triangle

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47
Q

What is D?

A

Digastric triangle (also known as submandibular triangle)

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48
Q

Between what muscles does the brachial plexus emerge from in the posterior triangle?

A

Scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

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49
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Inferior - hyoid bone

Medial - midline of neck

Lateral - anterior belly of digastric

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50
Q

What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?

A

Superior - body of mandible

Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle

Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle

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51
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle

Lateral - medial border of SCM

Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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52
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Superior - hyoid bone

Medial - midline of neck

Superiolateral - superior belly of omohyoid muscle

Inferolateral - inferior portion of SCM

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53
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes

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54
Q

What are the contents of the digastric triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

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55
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid sheath (common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal and vagus nerve)

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56
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Strap muscles of the neck, also known as infrahyoid muscles:

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid

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57
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

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58
Q

What artery is the common carotid artery a branch of on the right side?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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59
Q

What is A?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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60
Q

What is B?

A

Right subclavian artery

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61
Q

What is C?

A

Right common carotid artery

62
Q

What is D?

A

Left common carotid artery

63
Q

What is E?

A

Left subclavian artery

64
Q

In what triangle of the neck is the carotid sheath?

A

Anterior triangle

65
Q

What structures are in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

66
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery divid into external and internal carotid arteries?

A

C4

67
Q

Which of the internal and external carotid artery gives of branches in the neck?

A

External carotid artery

68
Q

In the neck, which of the internal and external carotid arteries is most lateral?

A

Internal carotid artery

69
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery (given of in the face)?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal artery

70
Q

Within which glandular structure are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery given of?

A

Parotid duct

71
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is A?

A

Superficial temporal artery

72
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is B?

A

Maxillary artery

73
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is C?

A

Facial artery

74
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is D?

A

Lingual artery

75
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is E?

A

Superior thyroid artery

76
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is F?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

77
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is G?

A

Occipital artery

78
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is H?

A

Posterior auricular artery

79
Q

Which jugular vein is in the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein

80
Q

What does the internal jugular veina rise from?

A

Jugular venous sinus (which drains the brain)

81
Q

What does the internal jugular vein emerge through the skull from?

A

Jugular foramen

82
Q

Which vein does the internal jugular vein merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

Merges with subclavian vein

Forms brachiocephalic vein

83
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Scalp and face (is superficial)

84
Q

In relation to the SCM, where does the external jugular vein run (superficial or deep)?

A

Superficially to it

85
Q

Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

86
Q

What is A?

A

External jugular vein

87
Q

What is B?

A

Internal jugular vein

88
Q

Within the carotid sheath, where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents?

A

Posteriorly between common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

89
Q

What does the phrenic nerve arise from?

A

Cervical plexus in the neck

90
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Deep, posterior

91
Q

What is A?

A

Greater horn of hyoid bone

92
Q

What is B?

A

Lesser horn of hyoid

93
Q

What is C?

A

Body of hyoid bone

94
Q

What are the muscles attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles

Genioglossus (hyoglottis), muscle of the tongue

Middle pharyngeal constrictor, muscle of the pharynx

95
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Digastric

Stylohyoid

96
Q

What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve, which is a branch of CN V)

97
Q

What is the nerve supply of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 root within hypoglossal nerve

98
Q

What is the nerve supply of the digastric muscle?

A

Anterior belly by inferior alveolar nerve

Posterior belly by facial nerve

99
Q

What is the nerve supply of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial nerve

100
Q

What actions do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone?

A

Elevates hyoid bone

Tenses floor of mouth

101
Q

What is A?

A

Geniohyoid muscle

102
Q

What is B?

A

Digastric muscle (anterior belly)

103
Q

What is C?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

104
Q

What is D?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

105
Q

What is E?

A

Digastric muscle (posterior belly)

106
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

107
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

108
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

109
Q

What is the nerve supply of the thyrohyoid?

A

C1 (which reaches it by hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve)

110
Q

What is the nerve supply of the omohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

111
Q

What action do the infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone?

A

Lowers hyoid bone

112
Q

What is A?

A

Omohyoid muscle

113
Q

What is B?

A

Sternohyoid muscle

114
Q

What is C?

A

Sternothyroid muscle

115
Q

What is D?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

116
Q

Is the cervical plexus somatic or autonomic?

A

Somatic

117
Q

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

118
Q

Between which two muscles do the roots of the cervical plexus emerge?

A

Anterior and middle scelene

119
Q

Name a nerve that emerges from the cervical plexus and travels down the thorax?

A

Phrenic nerve

120
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

Loop of nerves that are pert of cervical plexus

121
Q

What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine

122
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

A

Left/right lobes and isthmus

123
Q

What is A?

A

Lobe of thyroid gland

124
Q

What is B?

A

Isthmus of thyroid

125
Q

At what level does the isthmus of thyroid gland lie?

A

C7 (whole gland is between C5 and T1)

126
Q

In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?

A

Visceral compartment

127
Q

What artery provides blood to thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid artery)

and the inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)

128
Q

What is A?

A

Thyroid cartilage

129
Q

What is B?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

130
Q

What is C?

A

Cricoid cartilage

131
Q

What is D?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

132
Q

What is E?

A

Thyroid gland

133
Q

What is F?

A

Oesophagus

134
Q

What is G?

A

Inferior thyroid vein

135
Q

What is H?

A

Trachea

136
Q

What is I?

A

Sternothyroid muscle

137
Q

What is J?

A

Clavicle

138
Q

What is K?

A

Vagus nerve

139
Q

What is L?

A

Common carotid artery

140
Q

What is M?

A

Common carotid artery

141
Q

What is M?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve in tracho-oesophageal groove

142
Q

What is N?

A
143
Q

What is O?

A

Internal jugular vein

144
Q

What is P?

A

Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion

145
Q

What is Q?

A

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

146
Q

What is R?

A

Superior thyroid arteries and vein

147
Q

What is S?

A

External laryngeal nerve

148
Q

What is T?

A

Thoracic duct

149
Q

What is A?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

150
Q

What is B?

A

Superior thyroid artery

151
Q

What is the venous drainage of thyroid?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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