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2nd Year - Anatomy > Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is C

A

Femoral nerve

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2
Q

What is 4

A

Posterior crusciate ligament

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3
Q

What is A

A

Medial border of the sartorius - lateral boundary

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4
Q

Name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

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5
Q

What is B

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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6
Q

What route do the deep veins of the lower limb take?

A

Accompany all the major arteries in the limbs

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7
Q

The hip joint is what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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8
Q

What is D

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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9
Q

What is 2

A

Lateral minuscus

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10
Q

What is D

A

Femoral vein

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11
Q

What is F

A

Femoral canal

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12
Q

What is 2

A

Medial collateral ligament

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13
Q

What is A

A

Femoral artery

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14
Q

The 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella. What does this continue as? Where does it insert?

A

Continues as the patellar ligament distal to the patella

Attachment on the tibial tuberosity

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15
Q

What is 1

A

Prepatellar bursa

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16
Q

What is D

A

Apex

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17
Q

List the muscles supplied by the femoral nerve

A

Psoas major

Sartorius

Pectineus

Iliacus

Quadriceps femoris (Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis)

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18
Q

What is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

What is the medial and lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial = Adductor longus muscle

Lateral = Sartorius muscle

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20
Q

What is b

A

lateral femoral condyle

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21
Q

What is 2

A

Ischium

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22
Q

Lateral (external) rotators cross the hip joint on which side?

A

Posterior

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23
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end where?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

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24
Q

What is 3

A

Biceps femoris

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25
Q

What is d

A

Pubic tubercle

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26
Q

What is 1

A

Ilium

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27
Q

Name the large branch of te femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings

A

Profunda femoris (Deep femoral artery) (Superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal)

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28
Q

What is B

A

Adductor brevis

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29
Q

What is 1

A

Patella

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30
Q

What is C

A

Obturator externus

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Describe the origin, route and termination of the adductor canal in detail.

A

As the femoral neurovascular structures leave the apex of the femoral triangle distally they begin to burrow beneath the muscularture to create a tunnel -> adductor canal Canal continues to pass increasingly posteriorly through the thigh until it arrives at the plane of the adductor musculature. Here it passes through the adductor hiatus within the tendon of adductor magnus and thereby emerges into the popliteal fossa, posterior to the knee joint.

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33
Q

What is 4

A

Femur

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34
Q

What is F

A

Posterior ligament of head of fibula

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35
Q

What is D

A

Piriformis

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36
Q

What is L

A

Psoas major muscle

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37
Q

What is h

A

Ischial spine

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38
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

Fat + loose connective tissue A few lymphatic vessels and sometimes a deep inguinal lymph node (cloquet node)

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39
Q

What is C

A

Sciatic nerve

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40
Q

Medial (internal) rotators cross the hip joint on the anterior surface Which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

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41
Q

The muscles of the thigh are organised into 3 compartments. What are they?

A

Anterior

-Quadriceps/ extensors (of the knee)

Medial

-Adductors (of the hip)

Posterior

-Hamstrings/ flexors (of the knee)

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42
Q

What is 3

A

Piriformis

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43
Q

What is O

A

Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

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44
Q

What is E

A
  • Conjoined tendon of semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
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45
Q

What is 2

A

pubofemoral ligament

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46
Q

What is a

A

medial femoral condyle

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47
Q

How does the obturator nerve exit the pelvis?

A

Via the obturator canal which passes through the obturator foramen

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48
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

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49
Q

What is B

A

Piriformis

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50
Q

What is A

A

Neck

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51
Q

What is A

A

Adductor longus

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52
Q

What is 2

A

Gluteus medius

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53
Q

What are the posterior, lateral and medial boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

Posteriorly = Adductor longus and magnus

Laterally = Vastus medialis

Medially = sartorius

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54
Q

What is 1

A

Gluteus medius

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55
Q

What is E

A

Ileofemoral ligament

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56
Q

What is 4

A

Posterior crusciate ligament

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57
Q

What is D

A

Lesser sciatic foreamen

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58
Q

The femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as which larger vein?

A

External iliac vein

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59
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint

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60
Q

Why is the adductor canal also called Hunter’s canal?

A

John Hunter described the exposure and ligation of femoral artery in this canal for treating patients with aneurysm of popliteal artery

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61
Q

The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine Pubic tubercle

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62
Q

What is D

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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63
Q

How many heads does quadriceps femoris have? Name them

A

4 (quad)

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

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64
Q

What is 1

A

ileofemoral ligament

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65
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath? What do they contain?

A

Lateral -> femoral artery

Intermediate -> femoral vein

Medial -> Deep inguinal lymph node (cloquet node)

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66
Q

What is H

A

Femoral nerve

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67
Q

What is E

A

Deep Inguinal lymph node (Cloquet node)

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68
Q

What is F

A

Obturator nerve

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69
Q

What is 4

A

Tensor fascia lata

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70
Q

Which nerve roots (ventral rami) contribute to the formation of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

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71
Q

What is C

A

Adductor longus

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72
Q

What is I

A

Vastus medialus

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73
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous vein

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74
Q

What is 2

A

Deep patellar bursa

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75
Q

What is F

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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76
Q

What is C

A

Posterior crusciate ligament

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77
Q

Varicose veins are more common in which superficial vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

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78
Q

What is D

A

Gracilis

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79
Q

Where does the anterior femoral artery become the posterior popliteal artery?

A

Adductor hiatus

80
Q

What is A

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

81
Q

What is I

A

Obturator internus

82
Q

What is C

A

Iliac fossa

83
Q

What is 3

A

Pectineus

84
Q

What is 2

A

Psoas major

85
Q

What is 4

A

Suprapatellar bursa

86
Q

Adductor hiatus is in which muscle? What passes through it?

A

Adductor magnus

Femoral artery and vein

87
Q

What is A

A

Subcostal nerve

88
Q

Why are the abductors of the hip joint essential for a normal walking gait?

A

Each time one limb is raised from the ground that side of the pelvis becomes unsupported and will tend to drop It is the contraction of the abductors on the opposite side of the pelvis which prevent this. (Contraction of deep gluteal muscles on the supporting leg)

89
Q

What is E

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

90
Q

What is 1

A

Gluteus maximus

91
Q

What is H

A

Vastus intermedius

92
Q

What is 3

A

Tibia

93
Q

What are the similarities and differences between the femoral triangle and the axilla?

A

Femoral triangle is the equivalent of the axilla, but whereas the axilla is protected by the adducted upper limb, the femoral triangle is exposed because of our change from a quadripedal to a bipedal stance

94
Q

What is 3

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

95
Q

What is E

A

Popliteus

96
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring

97
Q

What is C

A

Gracilis

98
Q

What are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus? What do they supply?

A

Obturator nerve which innervates the adductor compartment of the thigh Femoral nerve which innervates the anterior compartment of thigh

99
Q

What is B

A

Great Saphenous vein

100
Q

What is B

A

Abduction

101
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

Great saphenous vein

102
Q

What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

103
Q

What is C

A

Lateral condyle

104
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

Lesser saphenous vein

105
Q

The medial knee is what dermatome?

A

L3

106
Q

What is A

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

107
Q

What is D

A

Greater trochanter

108
Q

What is B

A

Adductor brevis

109
Q

The piriformis and obturator internus arise and insert where?

A

Both arise from inner pelvic walls and exit the pelvis via the greater and lesser sciatic foramina to attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

110
Q

The sartorius is able to carry out the same action (flexion) at the hip and knee, which is unusual. How is this possible?

A

It spirals around the thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip joint anteriorly and the knee joint posteriorly

111
Q

What is A

A

Adduction

112
Q

The lumbar plexus of nerves emerge where?

A

Through psoas major muscle on the posterior abdominal wall

113
Q

What is A

A

Medial collateral ligament

114
Q

What is 2

A

Fibula

115
Q

What is 2

A

Gluteus minimus

116
Q

What is B

A

Gluetus medius

117
Q

Name the 6 muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh. Which two muscles arent always included in this group? Why?

A

Gracilis

Adductor magnus

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Obturator externus

Pectineus

Obturator Externus is sometimes excluded from this group -

Spatially, it is in this location, but functionally, it is more similar to the other lateral rotator group muscles Pectineus is also sometimes excluded from this group -It has the same function as the others in this group, but different innervation – namely, the femoral nerve

118
Q

What is e

A

pubic crest

119
Q

What is N

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

120
Q

What is B

A

inguinal ligament - base

121
Q

What is A

A

Gluteus maximus

122
Q

What is E

A

Inferior gluteal artery

123
Q

What is 3

A

Anterior crusciate ligament

124
Q

What are the 3 actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexes

Abducts

Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint (it also flexes the knee joint)

125
Q

What is 1

A

Illeacus

126
Q

What is C

A

Genitofemoral nerve

127
Q

What is i

A

Ischial tuberosity

128
Q

What is D

A

medial tibial condyle

129
Q

Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas

130
Q

Name the two main superficial veins of the lower limb

A

Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein

131
Q

What nerve generally supplies the adductor compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

132
Q

What is E

A

Gluteus minimus

133
Q

What is C

A

Sacrospinous ligament

134
Q

What is H

A

Quadratus femoris

135
Q

What are the segmental values (root value) of the two major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Obturator (L2 L3 L4) Femoral Nerve (L2 L3 L4)

136
Q

What is I

A

Sympathetic nerve

137
Q

What is 1

A

Semimembranous

138
Q

What is A

A

Greater sciatic foreamen

139
Q

What is 3

A

Superficial patellar bursa

140
Q

What is F

A

Head

141
Q

What is C

A

Medial border of adductor longus

142
Q

What is f

A

Obturator foreamen

143
Q

How do the obturator nerve and femoral nerve relate to the psoas muscle?

A

Obturator nerve = Medial to psoas major

Femoral nerve = lateral to psoas major

144
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris on the hip joint?

A

Stabilises (helps fix in position) Helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

145
Q

What is I

A

Femoral sheath

146
Q

What is 3

A

Anterior crusciate ligament

147
Q

What is 2

A

Semitendonous

148
Q

Cannulation of which vein is used to carry out right cardiac angiography?

A

Femoral vein

149
Q

What is B

A

Lesser trochochanter

150
Q
A
151
Q

What is K

A

Lumbar plexus

152
Q

What is B

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

153
Q

Name the 3 major structures of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial

A

Nerve Artery Vein (Vein medial -> V shape of legs)

154
Q

Name the 3 main hip flexors

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

Pectineus

155
Q

What is G

A

Vastus lateralis

156
Q

What is b

A

Iliac crest

157
Q

What is D

A

Lateral collateral ligament

158
Q

Give 3 important arrangements of lymph nodes in lower limb

A

Superficial inguinal

Deep inguinal

Popliteal lymph nodes

159
Q

What is A

A

Pectineus

160
Q

Name all the movements permitted at the hip joint

A

Flexion/ extension

Abduction/ adduction

External (medial)/ internal (lateral) rotation

Circumduction

161
Q

What is C

A

Dorsal venous arch

162
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

163
Q

Name some other extensors apart from the gluteus maximus

A

Hamstrings (comprised of 3 individual muscles)

  • biceps femoris
  • semi memranous
  • semi tendenous

Adductor magnus (posterior part)

164
Q

What is H

A

Fascia lata

165
Q

The femoral vein is a continuation of which vein?

A

Popliteal vein

166
Q

What is 3

A

Pubis

167
Q

What is 1

A

Medial meniscus

168
Q

What is E

A

Medial condyle

169
Q

What is A

A

Lesser Saphenous vein

170
Q

What is c

A

lateral tibial condyle

171
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein enter what group of lymph nodes?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

172
Q

What is 3

A

Gluteus minimus

173
Q

What is e

A

Tibial tuberosity

174
Q

What is M

A

Genitofemoral nerve

175
Q

The femoral artery is the main artery of the thigh. It is a continuation of which artery? At what point does this name change occur?

A

External iliac

Inguinal ligament

176
Q

The little toe is what dermatome?

A

S1

177
Q

What is G

A

Femoral ring

178
Q

What is J

A

White and gray rami communicates

179
Q

What is K

A

Sartorius

180
Q

What is the chief flexor of the thigh?

A

Psoas

181
Q

What is G

A

Intertrochanteric line

182
Q

Enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes are common due to infection where?

A

Lower limb Trunk inferior to the umbilicus (such as the perineum)

183
Q

What is J

A

Rectus femoris

184
Q

What is G

A

Inferior Gemellus

185
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

186
Q

What is F

A

Superior Gemellus

187
Q

Which two important veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Graet saphenous vein

188
Q

What is B

A

Saphenous nerve (The saphenous nerve is the largest and terminal branch of the femoral nerve)

189
Q

What is F

A

Biceps femoris (long head)

190
Q

What is 1

A

Lateral collateral ligament

191
Q

What is B

A

Anterior crusciate ligament

192
Q

What is G

A

Lumbrosacral trunk

193
Q

What is D

A

Adductor magnus

194
Q

What is the path of the femoral nerve once it is given off from the lumbar plexus?

A

Passes deep to the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels

195
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

The femoral sheath is a funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds the proximal parts of femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medial to them, which contains lymphatic vessels

196
Q

The adductor canal is also called what?

A

Subsartorial canal Hunter’s canal

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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