Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is C
A
Femoral nerve
2
Q
What is 4
A
Posterior crusciate ligament
3
Q
What is A
A
Medial border of the sartorius - lateral boundary
4
Q
Name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint
A
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
5
Q
What is B
A
Sacrotuberous ligament
6
Q
What route do the deep veins of the lower limb take?
A
Accompany all the major arteries in the limbs
7
Q
The hip joint is what type of joint?
A
Ball and socket synovial joint
8
Q
What is D
A
ilioinguinal nerve
9
Q
What is 2
A
Lateral minuscus
10
Q
What is D
A
Femoral vein
11
Q
What is F
A
Femoral canal
12
Q
What is 2
A
Medial collateral ligament
13
Q
What is A
A
Femoral artery
14
Q
The 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella. What does this continue as? Where does it insert?
A
Continues as the patellar ligament distal to the patella
Attachment on the tibial tuberosity
15
Q
What is 1
A
Prepatellar bursa
16
Q
What is D
A
Apex
17
Q
List the muscles supplied by the femoral nerve
A
Psoas major
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Quadriceps femoris (Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis)
18
Q
What is the main extensor of the hip joint?
A
Gluteus maximus
19
Q
What is the medial and lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?
A
Medial = Adductor longus muscle
Lateral = Sartorius muscle
20
Q
What is b
A
lateral femoral condyle
21
Q
What is 2
A
Ischium
22
Q
Lateral (external) rotators cross the hip joint on which side?
A
Posterior
23
Q
Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end where?
A
Superficial inguinal nodes
24
Q
What is 3
A
Biceps femoris
25
What is d
Pubic tubercle
26
What is 1
Ilium
27
Name the large branch of te femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings
Profunda femoris (Deep femoral artery) (Superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal)
28
What is B
Adductor brevis
29
What is 1
Patella
30
What is C
Obturator externus
31
32
Describe the origin, route and termination of the adductor canal in detail.
As the femoral neurovascular structures leave the apex of the femoral triangle distally they begin to burrow beneath the muscularture to create a tunnel -\> adductor canal Canal continues to pass increasingly posteriorly through the thigh until it arrives at the plane of the adductor musculature. Here it passes through the adductor hiatus within the tendon of adductor magnus and thereby emerges into the popliteal fossa, posterior to the knee joint.
33
What is 4
Femur
34
What is F
Posterior ligament of head of fibula
35
What is D
Piriformis
36
What is L
Psoas major muscle
37
What is h
Ischial spine
38
What are the contents of the femoral canal?
Fat + loose connective tissue A few lymphatic vessels and sometimes a deep inguinal lymph node (cloquet node)
39
What is C
Sciatic nerve
40
Medial (internal) rotators cross the hip joint on the anterior surface Which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
41
The muscles of the thigh are organised into 3 compartments. What are they?
Anterior
-Quadriceps/ extensors (of the knee)
Medial
-Adductors (of the hip)
Posterior
-Hamstrings/ flexors (of the knee)
42
What is 3
Piriformis
43
What is O
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
44
What is E
- Conjoined tendon of semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
45
What is 2
pubofemoral ligament
46
What is a
medial femoral condyle
47
How does the obturator nerve exit the pelvis?
Via the obturator canal which passes through the obturator foramen
48
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?
Great saphenous vein
49
What is B
Piriformis
50
What is A
Neck
51
What is A
Adductor longus
52
What is 2
Gluteus medius
53
What are the posterior, lateral and medial boundaries of the adductor canal?
Posteriorly = Adductor longus and magnus
Laterally = Vastus medialis
Medially = sartorius
54
What is 1
Gluteus medius
55
What is E
Ileofemoral ligament
56
What is 4
Posterior crusciate ligament
57
What is D
Lesser sciatic foreamen
58
The femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as which larger vein?
External iliac vein
59
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint
60
Why is the adductor canal also called Hunter's canal?
John Hunter described the exposure and ligation of femoral artery in this canal for treating patients with aneurysm of popliteal artery
61
The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings?
Anterior superior iliac spine Pubic tubercle
62
What is D
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
63
How many heads does quadriceps femoris have? Name them
4 (quad)
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
64
What is 1
ileofemoral ligament
65
What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath? What do they contain?
Lateral -\> femoral artery
Intermediate -\> femoral vein
Medial -\> Deep inguinal lymph node (cloquet node)
66
What is H
Femoral nerve
67
What is E
Deep Inguinal lymph node (Cloquet node)
68
What is F
Obturator nerve
69
What is 4
Tensor fascia lata
70
Which nerve roots (ventral rami) contribute to the formation of the lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
71
What is C
Adductor longus
72
What is I
Vastus medialus
73
Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Small saphenous vein
74
What is 2
Deep patellar bursa
75
What is F
Ischiofemoral ligament
76
What is C
Posterior crusciate ligament
77
Varicose veins are more common in which superficial vein?
Great saphenous vein
78
What is D
Gracilis
79
Where does the anterior femoral artery become the posterior popliteal artery?
Adductor hiatus
80
What is A
Anterior superior iliac spine
81
What is I
Obturator internus
82
What is C
Iliac fossa
83
What is 3
Pectineus
84
What is 2
Psoas major
85
What is 4
Suprapatellar bursa
86
Adductor hiatus is in which muscle? What passes through it?
Adductor magnus
Femoral artery and vein
87
What is A
Subcostal nerve
88
Why are the abductors of the hip joint essential for a normal walking gait?
Each time one limb is raised from the ground that side of the pelvis becomes unsupported and will tend to drop It is the contraction of the abductors on the opposite side of the pelvis which prevent this. (Contraction of deep gluteal muscles on the supporting leg)
89
What is E
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
90
What is 1
Gluteus maximus
91
What is H
Vastus intermedius
92
What is 3
Tibia
93
What are the similarities and differences between the femoral triangle and the axilla?
Femoral triangle is the equivalent of the axilla, but whereas the axilla is protected by the adducted upper limb, the femoral triangle is exposed because of our change from a quadripedal to a bipedal stance
94
What is 3
Ischiofemoral ligament
95
What is E
Popliteus
96
What is the acetabular labrum?
Fibrocartilaginous ring
97
What is C
Gracilis
98
What are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus? What do they supply?
Obturator nerve which innervates the adductor compartment of the thigh Femoral nerve which innervates the anterior compartment of thigh
99
What is B
Great Saphenous vein
100
What is B
Abduction
101
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Great saphenous vein
102
What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral nerve
103
What is C
Lateral condyle
104
Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?
Lesser saphenous vein
105
The medial knee is what dermatome?
L3
106
What is A
Inferior gluteal nerve
107
What is D
Greater trochanter
108
What is B
Adductor brevis
109
The piriformis and obturator internus arise and insert where?
Both arise from inner pelvic walls and exit the pelvis via the greater and lesser sciatic foramina to attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
110
The sartorius is able to carry out the same action (flexion) at the hip and knee, which is unusual. How is this possible?
It spirals around the thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip joint anteriorly and the knee joint posteriorly
111
What is A
Adduction
112
The lumbar plexus of nerves emerge where?
Through psoas major muscle on the posterior abdominal wall
113
What is A
Medial collateral ligament
114
What is 2
Fibula
115
What is 2
Gluteus minimus
116
What is B
Gluetus medius
117
Name the 6 muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh. Which two muscles arent always included in this group? Why?
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Obturator externus
Pectineus
Obturator Externus is sometimes excluded from this group -
Spatially, it is in this location, but functionally, it is more similar to the other lateral rotator group muscles Pectineus is also sometimes excluded from this group -It has the same function as the others in this group, but different innervation – namely, the femoral nerve
118
What is e
pubic crest
119
What is N
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
120
What is B
inguinal ligament - base
121
What is A
Gluteus maximus
122
What is E
Inferior gluteal artery
123
What is 3
Anterior crusciate ligament
124
What are the 3 actions of sartorius on the hip joint?
Flexes
Abducts
Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint (it also flexes the knee joint)
125
What is 1
Illeacus
126
What is C
Genitofemoral nerve
127
What is i
Ischial tuberosity
128
What is D
medial tibial condyle
129
Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas
130
Name the two main superficial veins of the lower limb
Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein
131
What nerve generally supplies the adductor compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
132
What is E
Gluteus minimus
133
What is C
Sacrospinous ligament
134
What is H
Quadratus femoris
135
What are the segmental values (root value) of the two major nerves of the lumbar plexus?
Obturator (L2 L3 L4) Femoral Nerve (L2 L3 L4)
136
What is I
Sympathetic nerve
137
What is 1
Semimembranous
138
What is A
Greater sciatic foreamen
139
What is 3
Superficial patellar bursa
140
What is F
Head
141
What is C
Medial border of adductor longus
142
What is f
Obturator foreamen
143
How do the obturator nerve and femoral nerve relate to the psoas muscle?
Obturator nerve = Medial to psoas major
Femoral nerve = lateral to psoas major
144
What is the action of the rectus femoris on the hip joint?
Stabilises (helps fix in position) Helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
145
What is I
Femoral sheath
146
What is 3
Anterior crusciate ligament
147
What is 2
Semitendonous
148
Cannulation of which vein is used to carry out right cardiac angiography?
Femoral vein
149
What is B
Lesser trochochanter
150
151
What is K
Lumbar plexus
152
What is B
Iliohypogastric nerve
153
Name the 3 major structures of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial
Nerve Artery Vein (Vein medial -\> V shape of legs)
154
Name the 3 main hip flexors
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
155
What is G
Vastus lateralis
156
What is b
Iliac crest
157
What is D
Lateral collateral ligament
158
Give 3 important arrangements of lymph nodes in lower limb
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal lymph nodes
159
What is A
Pectineus
160
Name all the movements permitted at the hip joint
Flexion/ extension
Abduction/ adduction
External (medial)/ internal (lateral) rotation
Circumduction
161
What is C
Dorsal venous arch
162
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
163
Name some other extensors apart from the gluteus maximus
Hamstrings (comprised of 3 individual muscles)
- biceps femoris
- semi memranous
- semi tendenous
Adductor magnus (posterior part)
164
What is H
Fascia lata
165
The femoral vein is a continuation of which vein?
Popliteal vein
166
What is 3
Pubis
167
What is 1
Medial meniscus
168
What is E
Medial condyle
169
What is A
Lesser Saphenous vein
170
What is c
lateral tibial condyle
171
Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein enter what group of lymph nodes?
Popliteal lymph nodes
172
What is 3
Gluteus minimus
173
What is e
Tibial tuberosity
174
What is M
Genitofemoral nerve
175
The femoral artery is the main artery of the thigh. It is a continuation of which artery? At what point does this name change occur?
External iliac
Inguinal ligament
176
The little toe is what dermatome?
S1
177
What is G
Femoral ring
178
What is J
White and gray rami communicates
179
What is K
Sartorius
180
What is the chief flexor of the thigh?
Psoas
181
What is G
Intertrochanteric line
182
Enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes are common due to infection where?
Lower limb Trunk inferior to the umbilicus (such as the perineum)
183
What is J
Rectus femoris
184
What is G
Inferior Gemellus
185
Which nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral nerve
186
What is F
Superior Gemellus
187
Which two important veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris vein
Graet saphenous vein
188
What is B
Saphenous nerve (The saphenous nerve is the largest and terminal branch of the femoral nerve)
189
What is F
Biceps femoris (long head)
190
What is 1
Lateral collateral ligament
191
What is B
Anterior crusciate ligament
192
What is G
Lumbrosacral trunk
193
What is D
Adductor magnus
194
What is the path of the femoral nerve once it is given off from the lumbar plexus?
Passes deep to the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels
195
What is the femoral sheath?
The femoral sheath is a funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds the proximal parts of femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medial to them, which contains lymphatic vessels
196
The adductor canal is also called what?
Subsartorial canal Hunter's canal
