Head and Neck 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

Coronoid process

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Condyler process

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Mandibular foramen

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Angle

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Mental foramen

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Mental protrubence

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7
Q

What are the different types of teeth?

A

Incisor

Canines

Premolars

Molars

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8
Q

How many of each type of deciduous teeth are there?

A

Incisor 8

Canines 4

Molars 8

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9
Q

How many of each type of permanent teeth are there?

A

Incisors 8

Canines 4

Premolars 8

Molars 12

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10
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Hinge (synovial)

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11
Q

What are the 2 articular processes that form the temporomandibular joing?

A

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Condyler process of the mandible

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12
Q

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?

A

Elevation (close mouth)

Depression (open mouth)

Protrusion (protude chin)

Retrusion (retrude chin)

Side to side movements (grinding and chewing)

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13
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

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14
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

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15
Q

How do the fibres of the temporalis differ?

A

Anterior fibres are nearly vertical

Posterior fibres are nearly horizontal

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16
Q

What happens when the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

A

Elevation

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17
Q

What happens when the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

A

Lateral movement of same side and retrusion

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18
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

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19
Q

What are the actions of the masseter?

A

Elevation (mainly)

Protrusion

Retrusion

Lateral movement

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20
Q

What does the medial pterygoid muscles attach to?

A

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the skull

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21
Q

What does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to?

A

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

To which part of the mandible does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Enters into joint capsule of the TMJ to insert onto neck of mandible and also the articular disc of this joint

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24
Q

To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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25
What are the actions of pterygoid muscles?
Protrusion and depression (when both lateral contract) Lateral movement (when lateral pterygoid contracts with medial of same side) Elevation and protrusion (when two medial contract)
26
What is A?
Temporalis
27
What is B?
Zygomatic arch
28
What is C?
Masseter
29
What is D?
Mandible
30
What is E?
Medial pterygoid
31
What is F?
Lateral pterygoid
32
What group of muscles produce depression of the mandible?
the lateral pterygoid muscles and the suprahyoid muscles (run from mandible to hyoid bone)
33
What are the suprahyoid muscles that depress the jaw?
Anterior digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid
34
What is A?
Digastric (anterior belly)
35
What is B?
Mylohyoid
36
What is C?
Digastric (posterior belly)
37
What is D?
Stylohyoid
38
What muscles produce elevation of the mandible?
1) Masseter 2) Temporalis 3) Medial pterygoid
39
What muscles produce depression of the mandible?
1) Anterior digastric 2) Geniohyoid 3) Mylohyoid 4) Lateral Pterygoid
40
What muscles produce protrusion of the mandible?
1) Lateral pterygoid (main) 2) Masseter 3) Medial pterygoid
41
What muscles produce retraction of the mandible?
1) Temporalis (posterior) 2) Masseter
42
What muscles produce side to side movements of the mandible?
1) Temporalis of same side 2) Pterygoids of same side 3) Masseter
43
Innervation of the muscles of mastication is done by branches of what?
Mandibular division of trigeminal mnerve
44
Where does the mandibular nerve emerge from?
Oval foramen
45
Where do the motor branches of the mandibular nerve supply the muscles of mastication?
Infratemporal fossa
46
What sensory branch of the mandibular nerve enters the mandibular foramen and supplies sensory innervation to the mandibular area?
Inferior alveolar
47
The vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space between what?
Lips and teeth
48
The muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is?
Buccinator
49
The buccinator is innervated by what?
Facial nerve
50
The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is?
Orbiculolaris oris
51
The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the?
Oropharyngeal pharynx
52
Where does the hard palate lie relative to the soft palate?
Hard palate is anterior to the soft palate, both forming the roof of the oral cavity
53
What 2 bones form the hard palate?
Palatine process of maxilla Horizontal plate of palatine
54
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
Tensor vali palatini Levator vali palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Muscularis uvuias
55
What is A?
Tensor veli palatini muscle
56
What is B?
Levator veli palatini muscle
57
58
What is C?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
59
What is D?
Palatopharyngeus muscle
60
What is E?
Palatoglossus muscle
61
What is F?
Hamulus
62
What is the motor nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?
Pharyngeal branch of CN X (vagus) via pharyngeal plexus (except tensor veli palatini which is branch of V3)
63
What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate?
Closes of nasal passage during swallowing
64
What is the anterior border of the oropharynx?
Right and left palatoglossal arches
65
Where does the oropharynx extend from and to?
Extends from the uvala of the soft palate to the tip of the epiglottis below
66
What type of cellular tissues makes up the palatine tonsils?
Lymphoid
67
What is A?
Palatoglossal arch
68
What is B?
Palatopharyngeal arch
69
What is C?
Uvula
70
What is D?
Palatine tonsil
71
What are the functions of the tongue?
Moving food during chewing Taste Speech
72
What can the tongue be divided into?
Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the terminal sulcus
73
What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?
Remnant of the thyroglossal duct
74
What does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue have on the dorsal surface?
Surface projections of mucosa mambrane that make it rough, called papillae
75
What are the 3 types of papillae?
Filiform Fungiform Vavate
76
In what papillae are taste buds present?
Fungiform and vavate | (not filiform)
77
What are the projections on the dorsal posterio 1/3 of the tongue?
Elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, called lingual tonsil
78
What is the inferior surface of the tongue covered by?
Smooth mucous membrane
79
What is the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth called?
Frenulum
80
What is A?
Deep lingual vein
81
What is B?
Frenulum
82
What is C?
Opening of duct from sublingual gland
83
What provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to: - anterior 2/3 of tongue - posterior 1/3 of tongue
Anterior 2/3 - lingual branch of mandibular (V3) division of trigeminal nerve Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
84
What provides taste sensory innervation to: - anterior 2/3 of tongue - posterior 1/3 of tongue
Anterior 2/3 - chorda tympani branch of facial nerve Posterior 1/3 - glossopharygeal
85
What are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?
Intrinsic (originate and insert within the tongue) Extrinsic (attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate)
86
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the position of the tongue
87
What do the intrinsic fibres of the tongue do?
Alter shape of tongue
88
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
89
What is the attachment of the genioglossus?
Inner surface of the hyoid close to midline
90
What is the action of the genioglossus?
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
91
What is the attachment of the hyoglossus?
Upper border of body of mandible
92
What is the action of the hyoglossus?
Depresses tongue
93
What is the attachment of the styloglossus?
Anterior border stylohyoid process
94
What is the action of the styloglossus?
Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing
95
What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?
Soft palate
96
What is the action of the palatoglossus?
Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing
97
When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude it?
Right
98
What is A?
Genioglossus
99
What is F?
Geniohyoid
100
What is B?
Hyoglossus
101
What is C?
Stylohyoid
102
What is D?
Styloglossus
103
What is E?
Palatoglossus
104
What are the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue innervated by?
Hypoglossal nerve Apart from the palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
105
What are the 3 paired salivary glands?
Parotid Submandibular salivary gland Sublingual
106
What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?
Superficial/deep lobes
107
What muscle seperates the superficial and deep lobes of the submandibular glands?
Myohyoid muscle
108
Where in relation to the floor of the mouth does the submandibular gland lie?
Inferior to the floor of the mouth
109
Where does the submandibular salivary duct open into?
Sublingual caracles
110
How does parasympathetic innervation affect the salivary glands?
Secretomotor
111
What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
112
What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular salivary gland?
Chordis tympani nerve (from submandibular ganglion) BRANCH OF THE FACIAL NERVE
113
What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the sublingual gland?
chorda tympani nerve The chorda tympani nerve (from the facial nerve via the submandibular ganglion)