Head and Neck 4 Flashcards by Calum Gibson-Smith

What is A?

Coronoid process

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What is B?

Condyler process

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What is C?

Mandibular foramen

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What is D?

Angle

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What is E?

Mental foramen

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What is F?

Mental protrubence

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What are the different types of teeth?

Incisor

Canines

Premolars

Molars

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How many of each type of deciduous teeth are there?

Incisor 8

Canines 4

Molars 8

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How many of each type of permanent teeth are there?

Incisors 8

Canines 4

Premolars 8

Molars 12

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What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

Hinge (synovial)

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What are the 2 articular processes that form the temporomandibular joing?

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Condyler process of the mandible

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What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?

Elevation (close mouth)

Depression (open mouth)

Protrusion (protude chin)

Retrusion (retrude chin)

Side to side movements (grinding and chewing)

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What are the muscles of mastication?

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

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What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

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How do the fibres of the temporalis differ?

Anterior fibres are nearly vertical

Posterior fibres are nearly horizontal

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What happens when the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

Elevation

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What happens when the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

Lateral movement of same side and retrusion

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What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

Zygomatic arch

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

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What are the actions of the masseter?

Elevation (mainly)

Protrusion

Retrusion

Lateral movement

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What does the medial pterygoid muscles attach to?

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the skull

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What does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to?

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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To which part of the mandible does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?

Enters into joint capsule of the TMJ to insert onto neck of mandible and also the articular disc of this joint

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To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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What are the actions of pterygoid muscles?

Protrusion and depression (when both lateral contract) Lateral movement (when lateral pterygoid contracts with medial of same side) Elevation and protrusion (when two medial contract)

What is A?

Temporalis

What is B?

Zygomatic arch

What is C?

Masseter

What is D?

Mandible

What is E?

Medial pterygoid

What is F?

Lateral pterygoid

What group of muscles produce depression of the mandible?

the lateral pterygoid muscles and the suprahyoid muscles (run from mandible to hyoid bone)

What are the suprahyoid muscles that depress the jaw?

Anterior digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid

What is A?

Digastric (anterior belly)

What is B?

Mylohyoid

What is C?

Digastric (posterior belly)

What is D?

Stylohyoid

What muscles produce elevation of the mandible?

1) Masseter 2) Temporalis 3) Medial pterygoid

What muscles produce depression of the mandible?

1) Anterior digastric 2) Geniohyoid 3) Mylohyoid 4) Lateral Pterygoid

What muscles produce protrusion of the mandible?

1) Lateral pterygoid (main) 2) Masseter 3) Medial pterygoid

What muscles produce retraction of the mandible?

1) Temporalis (posterior) 2) Masseter

What muscles produce side to side movements of the mandible?

1) Temporalis of same side 2) Pterygoids of same side 3) Masseter

Innervation of the muscles of mastication is done by branches of what?

Mandibular division of trigeminal mnerve

Where does the mandibular nerve emerge from?

Oval foramen

Where do the motor branches of the mandibular nerve supply the muscles of mastication?

Infratemporal fossa

What sensory branch of the mandibular nerve enters the mandibular foramen and supplies sensory innervation to the mandibular area?

Inferior alveolar

The vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space between what?

Lips and teeth

The muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is?

Buccinator

The buccinator is innervated by what?

Facial nerve

The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is?

Orbiculolaris oris

The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the?

Oropharyngeal pharynx

Where does the hard palate lie relative to the soft palate?

Hard palate is anterior to the soft palate, both forming the roof of the oral cavity

What 2 bones form the hard palate?

Palatine process of maxilla Horizontal plate of palatine

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

Tensor vali palatini Levator vali palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Muscularis uvuias

What is A?

Tensor veli palatini muscle

What is B?

Levator veli palatini muscle

What is C?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

What is D?

Palatopharyngeus muscle

What is E?

Palatoglossus muscle

What is F?

Hamulus

What is the motor nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?

Pharyngeal branch of CN X (vagus) via pharyngeal plexus (except tensor veli palatini which is branch of V3)

What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate?

Closes of nasal passage during swallowing

What is the anterior border of the oropharynx?

Right and left palatoglossal arches

Where does the oropharynx extend from and to?

Extends from the uvala of the soft palate to the tip of the epiglottis below

What type of cellular tissues makes up the palatine tonsils?

Lymphoid

What is A?

Palatoglossal arch

What is B?

Palatopharyngeal arch

What is C?

Uvula

What is D?

Palatine tonsil

What are the functions of the tongue?

Moving food during chewing Taste Speech

What can the tongue be divided into?

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the terminal sulcus

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

Remnant of the thyroglossal duct

What does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue have on the dorsal surface?

Surface projections of mucosa mambrane that make it rough, called papillae

What are the 3 types of papillae?

Filiform Fungiform Vavate

In what papillae are taste buds present?

Fungiform and vavate | (not filiform)

What are the projections on the dorsal posterio 1/3 of the tongue?

Elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, called lingual tonsil

What is the inferior surface of the tongue covered by?

Smooth mucous membrane

What is the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth called?

Frenulum

What is A?

Deep lingual vein

What is B?

Frenulum

What is C?

Opening of duct from sublingual gland

What provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to: - anterior 2/3 of tongue - posterior 1/3 of tongue

Anterior 2/3 - lingual branch of mandibular (V3) division of trigeminal nerve Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

What provides taste sensory innervation to: - anterior 2/3 of tongue - posterior 1/3 of tongue

Anterior 2/3 - chorda tympani branch of facial nerve Posterior 1/3 - glossopharygeal

What are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?

Intrinsic (originate and insert within the tongue) Extrinsic (attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate)

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Change the position of the tongue

What do the intrinsic fibres of the tongue do?

Alter shape of tongue

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

What is the attachment of the genioglossus?

Inner surface of the hyoid close to midline

What is the action of the genioglossus?

Protrudes tongue to opposite side

What is the attachment of the hyoglossus?

Upper border of body of mandible

What is the action of the hyoglossus?

Depresses tongue

What is the attachment of the styloglossus?

Anterior border stylohyoid process

What is the action of the styloglossus?

Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

Soft palate

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing

When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude it?

Right

What is A?