Upper Limb 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What clinical sign do you see when the long thoracic nerve is injured?
A
Winged scapula
2
Q
What is 14
A
Lateral head of triceps brachii muscle
3
Q
The coracohumeral ligament strengthens what aspect of the joint capsule
A
superior aspect
4
Q
What is 1
A
First Rib
5
Q
When may compression of the axillary artery be necessary?
A
Profuse bleeding occurs due to severe injury to the upper limb
6
Q
What is the action of teres major on the shoulder joint?
A
Extension of shoulder joint in saggital plane
Adducts
Medially/internally rotates
7
Q
What is E
A
Medial border
8
Q
What is the role of the serratus anterior
A
Important role in protraction of the scapula
9
Q
At what anatomical point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
A
Lateral border of the 1st rib
10
Q
What is G
A
Caracoid process
11
Q
What is C
A
Trochlea
12
Q
What is A
A
Medial head of triceps
13
Q
What is B
A
Axillary artery
14
Q
What is A
A
Scapular notch
15
Q
What is 13
A
Teres major muscle
16
Q
What is C
A
Glenoid fossa
17
Q
What is 2
A
Levator scapulae
18
Q
What is the pectoral girdle
A
The set of bones which connects the upper limb to the exial skeleton on each side
19
Q
What muscles abduct the shoulder?
A
Middle part of deltoid Supraspinatus Trapezius Serratus anterior
20
Q
What is A
A
Surgical neck
21
Q
Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus causes what?
(what is the cause of this injury, what is effected, what is it called)
A
Klumpke’s palsy
Muscles effected: -Intrinsic muscles of the hand -Ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers
Cause of injury is undue abduction of the arm -Trying to grab a branch while falling
22
Q
What is D
A
Anatomical neck
23
Q
What are supraspinatus proximal and distal attatchments
A
Proximal Arises from supraspinous fossa of the scapula and from fascia overlying the muscle. The muscle converges on a tendon which passes under the acromion and above the shoulder joint.
Distal - Greater tuberosity of humerus
24
Q
What is B
A
Superior angle
25
What is B
Basillican vein
26
What is E
Coracohumeral ligaments
27
What is 4
Rhomboid major muscle
28
What movement do the muscles of the subscapularis generate?
an adductor and medial rotator of the humerus.
29
What is I
Rhomboid major
30
What muscles cause lateral or external rotation?
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
31
What is A
Braciocephalic trunk
32
What is C
Infraspinous process
33
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
Consider abduction of the arm from the anatomical position. Initially, all movement will be at the glenohumeral joint, but beyond about the first 30 degrees, for every 3 degrees of abduction, 2 degrees occurs at the shoulder joint and 1 degree at the scapulothoracic joint (2:1 ratio)
34
What muscles are effected by Erb's palsy? What nerves supply them?
Biceps brachii - Brachialis, Coracobrachialis (Musculocutaneous nerve)
Brachioradialis - (Radial nerve)
Deltoid - (Axillary nerve)
35
What is F
Subscapular fossa
36
What is J
Triceps brachii
37
What is 9
Lattisismus dorsi
38
What movement do the muscles of the supraspinatus generate?
Supraspinatus initiates abduction, and as part of the rotator cuff, helps to hold the humeral head in the socket throughout its range of movement. If supraspinatus is paralyzed, abduction may be initiated by leaning to the affected side
39
What is H
Inferior angle
40
What makes the median cubital vein useful for venepuncture
Often the median cubital vein is in a fixed position in the ante-cubital fossa
41
What is E
Intertubercular grove
42
What is B
Coronoid fossa
43
What is Purple
Roots
44
What forms the medial, posterior and lateral cords of the brachial plexus?
Lateral cord -Upper trunk and middle trunk
Posterior cord -Upper, middle and lower trunks
Medial cord -lower trunk
45
What are infraspinatus proximal and distal attachments
Proximal - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal - The tendon inserts on the middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. There is a bursa between infraspinatus and the neck of scapula
46
What is 2
Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
47
What is C
Supraglenoid tubercle
48
What is 5
Medial border of the scapula
49
50
Where does the serratus anterior arise from and insert to?
Arises as interdigitations from the ribs
Inserts into the scapula
51
What type of synovial joint are the acromioclavicular (AC) and sternoclavicular (SC) joints?
Acromioclavicular -\> plane
Sternoclavicular -\> saddle
52
What is 4
Clavicle
53
What is 8
Inferior angle of the scapula
54
What is 8
Teres major
55
What is B
Coricoid process
56
What is A
Trapezius
57
What is H
Rhomboid Minor
58
What muscles cause protraction of the scapula?
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major and minor
59
The coracoacromial arch is made up of what 3 structures?
Acromion
Coracoid process of the scapula
Coraco-acromial ligament
60
What is F
Olecranon fossa
61
What is D
Axillary vein
62
What is F
Dorsal Venous network
63
What is the funtcion of the serratus anterior?
Protraction of the scapulae, but mainly serves to stabilise it during limb movements and to keep it pulled against the thoracic cage
64
What is 12
Posterior surface of scapula
65
What is 12
Long head of triceps bcrachii muscle
66
What are subscapularis proximal and distal attatchments
Proximal - Medial 2/3 of costal aspect of scapula
Distal - It passes laterally, forming a broad tendon which inserts on the lesser tuberosity, shoulder joint capsule, and the front of the upper shaft of the humerus. Some of the superficial fibers blend with the transverse humeral ligament.
67
What muscles extend the shoulder?
Posterior deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major
68
What is 5
Supraspinatus
69
What is 7
Transverse fibres of trapezius muscle
70
Where is the pectoralis minor located
Pectoralis minor lies deep to the pectoralis major muscle
71
What is I
Glenoid fossa
72
What is 14
Spine of Scapula
73
What is 6
Acromion
74
What is D
Greater tubercle
75
What is D
Glenohumeral ligament
76
What is K
Inferior angle
77
The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?
Subclavian artery
78
What is G
Levator scapulae
79
What spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
80
What is F
Deltoid tuberosity
81
What forms the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral walls of the axilla?
Anterior: -Pectoralis Major and minor
Posterior wall -Subscapularis, Teres Major and Latissimus dorsi
Medial wall -Thoracic wall and serratus anterior
Lateral wall -Intratubercular sulcus of the humerus
82
Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?
Subscapula bursa
83
What is E
Medial border
84
What movement do the muscles of the infraspinatus generate?
It is an **lateral rotator of the humerus**, but its more important action is as a member of the rotator cuff.
85
What is D
Subscapular fossa
86
What is 2
Position of costototransverse joints
87
What is 16
Teres minor muscle
88
What is 15
Greater tubercle of humerus
89
What is 5
Inferior angle of the scapula
90
What is 6
Infraspinatus
91
What muscles cause rotation depressing the glenoid cavity?
Inferior trapezius Inferior part of serratus anterior
92
What is 20
Medial intermuscular septum
93
Where do lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain?
Axillary nodes
94
What is 11
Surgical neck of humerus
95
What is 14
Infraglenoid tubercle
96
What is 1
The trapezius muscle
97
What is pink
Terminal branches
98
What is 9
Inferior angle of the scapula
99
What determines the name of the cords in the brachial plexus in the axilla
The cords are named for their position in relation to the **axillary artery in the axilla**.
100
What is the deltopectoral triangle? Why is it important?
Triangular space below the clavicle, between deltoid and pactoralis major muscle. Subclavian vein is vound in this triangle for the insertion of central lines
101
What is 10
Cut edge of trapezius muscle
102
What is D
Superior angle
103
What is F
Acromion process
104
What is G
Radial Fossa
105
What is 11
Teres minor muscle and fascia
106
What is 3
Ascending fibres of trapezius muscle
107
What is J
Lateral border
108
What is 3
Fourth-seventh rib
109
What is D
Ulnar artery
110
What is 18
lateral head of triceps brachii muscle
111
What is A
Brachial Plexus
112
What is 13
Acromion
113
What is 9
Head of humerus
114
Which nerve roots form the upper trunk, middle trunk and lower trunk of the brachial plexus?
Upper -C5 and C6
Middle -C7
Lower -C8 and T1
115
What is C
Superior border
116
What is B
Coracoacromial ligament
117
What is 15
Deltoid muscle
118
What is C
Axillary artery
119
What is G
Medial epicondyle
120
What can help to orientate and 'side' a clavical
The lateral aspect of a clavicle is flatter than the medial aspect
The superiorsurface is smoother than the inferior surface
The conoid tubercle – attachment for the conoid ligament – is on the inferior aspect of the lateral portion of the clavicle
121
What muscles adduct the shoulder?
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
122
What is 3
Supraspinatus muscle
123
What is C
Glenohumeral ligament
124
What is F
Serratus anterior
125
What is 2
Levator scapulae muscle
126
What is B
Coracoid process
127
What is A
Supra-spinous process
128
What is D
Cephalic vein
129
What is B
Lateral head of the triceps
130
What movements of the glenohumeral joint are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?
Abduction, lateral and medial rotation
131
What is E
Infra-glenoid tubercle
132
What is 13
Coracoid process
133
What is 16
Medial intermuscular septum
134
What is the action of latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?
Extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
135
What muscles flex the shoulder?
Biceps bracii Pectoralis major Anterior deltoid Coracobrachialis
136
What is yellow
Cords
137
What is 7
Scapular notch
138
A boil in the scapular region will drain to lymph nodes where?
Axilla
139
What is A
Coracohumeral ligament
140
What is 21
Tendon of biceps Brachii muscle
141
Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest, as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?
The **weakest** area of the **shoulder joint** capsule is just anterior to the attachment of the long head of the triceps at the infraglenoid tubercle, and disloca- tions are most frequent in this inferior anterior region.
142
What cords form the median nerve?
Lateral and medial cords give off fibres forming the median nerve
143
What is 7
Infraspinatus muscle
144
what is 17
Ulnar nerves
145
What muscles cause elevation of the scapula?
Levator scapulae
Upper trapezius
Rhomboids
146
What is 17
Long head of triceps brachii muscle
147
What is Erb's point and what is the clinical relevance of it?
Point of unison of C5 and C6 forming the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Injury commonly sustained at this point during birth or from a fall onto the shoulder. Causes Erb's palsy resulting in characteristic waiter's tip appearance of the upper limb -\> medialy rotated with wrist flexed
148
What muscles cause depression of the scapula?
Lower trapezius
Pectoralis major and minor
149
What is 9
Posterior fibres of deltoid muscle
150
What is C
Brachial artery
151
What is D
Glenoid Cavity
152
Infection around the umbilicus (e.g. infected tattoo) would drain lymph where?
Above umbilicus -\> axilla Below umbilicus -\> superficial inguinal
153
154
What is 19
Medial head of triceps brachii muscle
155
What is 1
Trapezius
156
What two veins arise at the dorsal venous arch and where on this arch?
Cephalic vein at lateral end
Basilic vein at medial end
157
What is 4
Rhomboideus major
158
What is B
Scapular spine
159
What is 1
Descending fibres of trapezius muscle
160
What is E
Basillic vein
161
What is E
Teres major
162
What is 4
Rhomboid minor muscle
163
What is A
Cephalic vein
164
What is 10
infraspinatus muscle and infraspinateous fascia
165
What is C
Median cubital vein
166
What is G
Lateral border
167
What cord does the ulnar nerve come from?
Medial cord once fibres are given off for the median nerve
168
Infection in the little finger will drain to lymph nodes where?
Axilla
169
What is 6
Rhomboid major muscle
170
Where do the fibres of the pectoralis major originate?
Medial third of the clavicle, the sternum and costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and rectus sheath
171
The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?
Brachial artery
172
The entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at one small joint only, which is this?
Sternoclavicular
173
What is 18
Olecranon
174
What is 10
Glenoid cavity
175
What is 12
Lattissimus dorsi muscle
176
What is A
lesser tubercle
177
What is the action of the pectoralis major on the shoulder joint?
Adduct and medially rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
178
What is 6
Latissimus dorsi muscle
179
The median cubital vein is a large communicating vein which shunts blood from where to where?
cephalic vein -\> basilic vein
180
What is A
Acromion
181
What is the role of the subacromial bursa?
Facilitates movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the coraco-acromial arch and of the deltoid over the joint capsule and the greater tubercle of the humerus
182
What is the nerve supply to the trapezius?
Accessory nerve
183
What is 8
Spine of scapula
184
What does the cephalic vein puncture in order to drain into the axillary vein
The Clevipectoral fascia
185
The medial and lateral portions of the breast drain lymph where?
Medial -\> internal thoracic
Lateral -\> axilla
186
What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa?
**Rotator cuff injury** includes **tendinitis** and partial or complete tears; subacromial bursitis may result from **tendinitis**. Symptoms are shoulder area pain and, with severe tears, weakness.
187
What is the nerve supply to serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
188
What is D
Subscapula fossa
189
What is D
Teres minor
190
What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?
Axillary nerve
191
Where does the origin of the deltoid extend from and what is its distal attatchment
Lateral spine of the scapula, passing across the acromion to the lateral 3rd of the clavicle
Its distal attachment is to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
192
What is 15
Medial head of triceps brachii muscle
193
Name the 5 distinct groups of axillary lymph nodes
Anterior/pectoral group
Posterior/subscapular group
Apical group
Central group
Lateral/brachial
194
What are teres minor proximal and distal attachments
**Proximal - Teres minor** arises from the upper two thirds of the lateral border of the scapula
Distal - Lesser tuberosity of humerus
195
What nerves come from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Axillary
radial nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Upper and lower subscapular nerve
196
What is B
Axillary lymph nodes central groups
197
What is B
Deltoid
198
What are the 2 main Bursa in the shoulder?
The [subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa](https://www.anatomy.tv/anatomytv/html5ui_2018/#/product/har_shoulder_2014/type/Views/id/43081/layer/10/angle/10/structureID/291848) and [subscapular bursa](https://www.anatomy.tv/anatomytv/html5ui_2018/#/product/har_shoulder_2014/type/Views/id/43081/layer/8/angle/17/structureID/291840).
199
What is 7
Teres minor
200
What is the function of the pectoralis minor
it splits the axillary artery into 3 parts. Along with the serratus anterior it serves to stabilise the scapula during limb movements by keeping it pulled against the thoracic cage.
201
What is C
Infraspinatus
202
What do all the different fibres of the trapezius do to the scapula?
Superior fibres -\> elevate
Middle fibres -\> retract (move back to the thorax)
Inferior fibres -\> depress
203
What msucles cause medial or internal rotation of the shoulder?
Subscapularis Lattisimus dorsi Pectoralis major Teres major
204
What is Orange
Trunks
205
What is E
Shaft
206
What is the glenoid labrum?
Rim of cartilage surrounding the socket of the glenoid cavity. Doubles the glenoid depth and increases the surface area. Acts as a "chock block" limiting glenohumeral translation
207
What is C
Head
208
What is 3
Rhomboideus minor
209
What movement do the muscles of the teres minor generate?
Teres minor is an **adductor** and lateral rotator of the humerus, and helps to oppose upward subluxation of the humerus due to the powerful actions of deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps. Its main action is as a member of the rotator cuff.
210
What is H
Capitulum
211
What foreamen does the accessory nerve pass through?
The Jugular foreamen
212
What is E
Radial artery
213
Where could you test for loss of sensation in axillary nerve injury?
Shoulder badge region Lateral side of proximal part of arm - C5 dermatome Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
214
What muscles cause retraction of the scapula?
Middle trapezius Rhomboids
215
What is 8
Spine of scapula
216
Musculocutaneous nerve comes from which brachial plexus cord?
Lateral cord once the branch for the median nerve is given off
217
Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks?
Junction of middle and lateral thirds
218
What is H
Supraglenoid fossa
219
What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
220
What is 11
Intrinsic muscle of back with fascia
221
What is 16
Anatomical neck of humerus
222
What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral
Ulnar nerve
Medial root of median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
223
What is B
Radial groove
224
What do each of the fibres of the deltoid do?
Anterior fibres -\> medially rotate and flexes at the shoulder joint
Middle fibres -\> abduct the arm at the shoulder joint
Posterior fibres -\> extend and laterally rotate at the shoulder joint
225
What is A
Acromion
226
At what anatomical point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
Inferior border of the teres major
227
What is 5
Position of acromioclavicular joint
