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2nd Year - Anatomy > Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is 2

A

Basilic vein

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2
Q

What structures make up the proximal and distal aspects of the wrist joint?

A

Proximal: -Distal end of radius and the articular disc Distal: -Proximal row of the carpal bones (except the pisiform)

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3
Q

What is A

A

flexor pollicis brevis

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4
Q

What is A

A

Brachioradialis

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5
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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6
Q

What is B

A

Hypothenar muscles

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7
Q

What is E

A

Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

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8
Q

What is E

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand except what?

A

Thenar muscles and the first and second lumbrical muscle

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10
Q

What nerves supply the 4 muscles of the superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm?

A

Median supplies all apart from the flexor carpi ulnaris which is supplied by the ulnar nerve

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11
Q

What is the action of the adductor pollicis on the thumb?

A

Adducts the thumb towards the lateral border of the palm

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12
Q

What is B

A

Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

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13
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pronator quadratus

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, t1)

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14
Q

What is the thickened part of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place called

A

Extensor retinaculum

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15
Q

Where does the median nerve enter the hand and what does it supply

A

The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel and proceeds to supply the majority of the thenar eminence

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16
Q

What is the sensory testing area for axillary nerve

A

outer aspect of shoulder

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17
Q

What arteries suply to blood supply to the hand

A

The ulnar and radial arteries

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18
Q

What are the two terminal branches of brachial artery?

A

Radial and Ulnar artery

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19
Q

What is 3

A

Pronator teres muscle

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20
Q

What is B

A

Adductor pollicis

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21
Q

What is the deep branch of the radial nerve also known as

A

Posterior interosseus nerve

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22
Q

What is 13

A

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

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23
Q

What is O

A

Tendons of extensor digitorum

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24
Q

What is the sensory testing area for ulnar nerve

A

Palmar and dorsal aspect of medial 1 and half fingers

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25
Q

What is the relationship of the brachial artery with the medial nerve in the cubital fossa?

A

The nerve is medial to the brachial artery in the cubital fossa

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26
Q

What is D

A

Trapezoid

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27
Q

what is H

A

Middle phalange

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28
Q

What is E

A

ulnar artery

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29
Q

What is D

A

Flexor capri ulnaris

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30
Q

What is 18

A

Brachioradialis muscle

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31
Q

What is K

A

Pisiform

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32
Q

What is A

A

Medial epicondyle

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33
Q

What is the main function of the posterior interosseus nerve

A

It is the main motor nerve of the extensors of the forearm

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34
Q

Name the 3 groups of muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Superficial Intermediate Deep

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35
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis? What is the segmental value? (C7, C8, T1)

A

Medial nerve

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36
Q

What is F

A

Second Lumbrical

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37
Q

What is C

A

Pisometal carpal ligament

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38
Q

Flexion of the wrist joint is caused by contraction of the muscles in the which compartment

A

anterior

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39
Q

Among the short muscles of the hand, there are 4 earth worm-like muscles forming the central compartment What are these collectively called?

A

Lumbricals

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40
Q

Which muscle(s) does the median nerve not supply in the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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41
Q

What is J

A

Lunate

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42
Q

What is J

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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43
Q

What are the actions of the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles on the fingers?

A

DAB -Dorsal Interossei ABduct fingers PAD -Palmar Interossei ADduct the fingers

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44
Q

What type of fluid is found between the forearm and carpal bones?

A

synovial

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45
Q

How many metacarpals are there

A

5

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46
Q

Which nerve innervates all the hypothenar muscles?

A

Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve

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47
Q

Which nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

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48
Q

What is F

A

Distal phalange

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49
Q

What is L

A

Tiquestral

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50
Q

What is 23

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

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51
Q

What do the metacarpal bone sit inbetween

A

between the carpal bones and the phalanges.

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52
Q

What is A

A

Superficial palmar arch

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53
Q

What is E

A

triceps brachii medial head

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54
Q

What is B

A

Abductor digiti minimi

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55
Q

What is the interosseous membrane and whats its function

A

The interosseous membrane is an incomplete fibrous structure, conforming stability to the forearm structure in addition to the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints.

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56
Q

What is G

A

Flexor Pollicus longus

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57
Q

What is B

A

Flexor retinaculum

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58
Q

What are the interphalangeal joints

A

The interphalangeal joints are the names of the joints between the phalynx of the hand

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59
Q

Does the median nerve enter the carpal tunnel by passing below or above the flexor retinaculum?

A

Below

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60
Q

Describe the path of the ulnar nerve as it enters the forearm

A

After passing posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the heads of flexor carpi ulnas muscle

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61
Q

What is M

A

Hamate

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62
Q

What muscles extend or abduct the thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

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63
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the pronator quadrates?

A

Origin = front of the ulna

Insertion into radius

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64
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial group of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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65
Q

What does the extensor digitorum duck under and then divide into?

A

it ducks under the extensor retinaculum, and divides into 4 tendons for the fingers

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66
Q
A
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67
Q

What is A

A

Ulner nerve and artery

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68
Q

What is j

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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69
Q

What is 15

A

Median cubital vein

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70
Q

What is the sensory testing area for musculcutaneous nerve

A

Lateral aspect of forearm

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71
Q

What is D

A

Median nerve

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72
Q

The wrist joint is which kind of joint?

A

Synovial condyloid joint

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73
Q

What two muscles work to adduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris

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74
Q

What does the radius articulate with

A

The radius articulates with the scaphoid and lunate (carpal bones)

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75
Q

What is the motor testing action for axillary nerve

A

Abduct the shoulders

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76
Q

What is B

A

Oblique interosseous fibres

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77
Q

What is D

A

radial nerve

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78
Q
A
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79
Q

Name the 3 muscles which make up the thenar eminence

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

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80
Q

What is A

A

Palmar Fascia

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81
Q

What is E

A

Pronator teres

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82
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the hand are located in 5 compartments. Name them

A

Thenar compartment

Hypothenar compartment

Adductor compartment

Central compartment - Lumbicals and long flexor tendons -

Interosseous compartment

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83
Q

What are the segmental levels involved in Klumpke paralysis (lower trunk)?

A

C8, T1

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84
Q

What is C

A

Pronator quadratus

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85
Q

What is D

A

Ulnar deviation

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86
Q

How does the ulnar nerve lie in relation to the ulnar artery in the distal forearm?

A

Medial

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87
Q

What is E

A

Digital flexor tendon

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88
Q

What is A

A

Extensor retinaculum

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89
Q
A
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90
Q

What is 24

A

Radius

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91
Q

What is G

A

proximal phalange

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92
Q

The nerve which innervates the thenar muscles is made up of fibres from which segmental levels?

A

C8 and T1

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93
Q

Whats a Smiths fracture

A

A Smith’s Fracture is the reverse of this, in which there is posterior displacement of the radius on the distal aspect of the bone.

This is cause by falling onto a flexed wrist, or by a direct blow to the forearm

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94
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of the superficial palmar arch? What about the deep palmar arch?

A

Ulnar = Superficial

Radial = deep

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95
Q

Which nerve innervates all 3 muscles of the thinner eminence?

A

Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve

However the exception to this is the deep belly of FPB, which is supplied by the ulnar nerve.

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96
Q

What is the motor testing action for radial nerve

A

Extend wrist

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97
Q

What is N

A

Metacarpal bones

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98
Q

What is D

A

Opponens Digiti minimi

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99
Q

From which long flexor tendon do the lumbricals originate?

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

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100
Q

What is D

A

third Metacarpal

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101
Q

What is B

A

Opponens pollicis

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102
Q

What is 12

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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103
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hypothenar eminence? (hypothenar muscles)

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Oppenens digiti minimi

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104
Q

What is H

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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105
Q

What is 26

A

Extensor capri ulnaris muscle

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106
Q

What is E

A

Proximal phalange

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107
Q

What is H

A

Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus

108
Q

What is 20

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

109
Q
A
110
Q

What is O

A

Proximal phalange

111
Q

What is the sensory testing area for median nerve

A

Palame aspect of lateral 3 and half fingers

112
Q

What is K

A

Pronator quadratus

113
Q

What is the motor testing action for musculocutaneous nerve

A

flex the elbow

114
Q

What is the segmental value of the nerve innervating the hypothenar muscles?

A

C8, T1

115
Q

What is B

A

Flexor carpi radialis

116
Q

What joints does the flexor digitorum profundus act on? What are its main actions?

A

Wrist and all joints of the fingers Flexes wrist and distal interphalangeal

117
Q

What sits between the ulna and the carpal bones?

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

118
Q

What is 1

A

Radial artery

119
Q

What is A

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

120
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand

A

All the intrinsic muscles of hand that the median nerve doesnt innervate.

121
Q

What is B

A

radial artery

122
Q

How are the lumbricals innervated?

A

Medial two lumbricals innervated by the ulnar nerve and the lateral two are innervated by the median nerve

123
Q

What is B

A

Extension

124
Q

What is I

A

Radial artery

125
Q

What is 16

A

Cephalic antebrachii vein

126
Q

What is C

A

Anconeous

127
Q

What is the motor testing action for Median nerve

A

Move your thumb towards your nose

128
Q
A
129
Q

What is the extensor expansion

A

The extensor expansions (also known as the extensor hood or dorsal digital expansion)​ are triangular aponeuroses by which the extensor tendons insert onto the phalanges.

130
Q

What is unique about the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Belongs to the extensor compartment and is supplies by an extensor compartment nerve even though it is a flexor of the elbow joint. Major exception to the generalisation that the radial nerve supplies only extensor muscles and that all flexors lie in the anterior compartment

131
Q

What is F

A

Supination

132
Q

What is A

A

Biceps brachii

133
Q

What is C

A

Palmar interossei

134
Q

If the median nerve is effected in carpal tunnel syndrome what symptoms may the patient experience?

A

Tingling Diminished sensation Abscence of tactile sensation to the area supplied by the nerve

135
Q

What is B

A

flexor pollicis longus

136
Q

What is C

A

Tendon of the abductor pollicis brevis

137
Q

What is A

A

Lumbricals

138
Q

How many tendons does the flexor digitorum profundus give rise to? To which fingers are these tendons attached?

A

4 tendons Index finger to pinkie (2-5)

139
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the plexor pollicis longus?

A

Long flexor of the thumb

Median nerve (C8, t1)

140
Q
A
141
Q

What muscles extend or adduct the hand at the wrist joint

142
Q

What is B

A

Brachialis

143
Q

What is F

A

Digital extensor tendons

144
Q

What is the common flexor origin of the anterior forearm?

How does this compare to the common extensor origin?

A

flexor = Medial epicondyle

extensor = Lateral epicondyle

145
Q

What is the fibrous retinaculum?

A

Strong fibrous band which converts the concavity of the palmar surface of the carpus (carpal bones) and convertes it into a channel, the carpal tunnel.

146
Q

What is 22

A

Supinator muscle

147
Q

What is 8

A

Tendon of biceps brachii muscle

148
Q

What do the radial and ulner arties form when the reach the palm

A

The superficial and deep palmar arch

149
Q

What is Q

A

distal phalange

150
Q

What makes the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box

A

extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

151
Q

What is 6

A

Palmaris longus muscle

152
Q

What movement does the interosseous membrane permit

A

It is lax enough to allow supination and pronation at the radio-ulnar joints.

153
Q

What is B

A

Dorsal Interossei

154
Q

What is D

A

Flexor retinaculum

155
Q

Whats a Colle’s fracture

A

Colle’s Fracture (shown x-ray)
This is a common fracture of the distal radius in which there is anterior displacement (movement) of the shaft of the radius on the distal aspect of the bone

This is known as a dinner fork deformity and is caused by falling onto an extended wrist.

156
Q

What is H

A

Trapezium

157
Q

What is G

A

Pronator teres

158
Q

What muscles extend the medial four digits

A

Extensor digitorum

Extensor indicis

Extensor digiti minimi

159
Q

What is C

A

brachioradialis

160
Q

What is C

A

Capitate

161
Q

What nerves supply the muscles of the hand

A

The Median and Ulnar

162
Q

What is B

A

radial nerve

163
Q

What is C

A

Extensor digitorum

164
Q

What is 17

A

Radial vein

165
Q

Which phalynx does the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis insert? Because of this what joints does this muscle flex?

A

Middle Wrist, MCP, and interphalangeal joints (NOT distal interphalangeal joint)

166
Q

What happens to the radial nerve when it leaves the cubital fossa

A

it gives off a deep and superficial branch.

167
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Dual nerve supply

Ulnar nerve -> Medial part (c8, T1)

Median nerve -> Lateral part (C8, t1)

168
Q

What is L

A

Thenar muscles

169
Q

What is A

A

Oblique head

170
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the abduction of the wrist joint?

A

Extensor + flexor carpi radialis

171
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Flex the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint and simultaneously extend the interphalangeal joint of 2nd to 5th digits

172
Q

What is the advantage of the superificial and deep palmar arches anastamosing with each other

A

if one artery becomes blocked the other can maintain blood supply via. its collateral circulation

173
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

174
Q

What is E

A

Radial artery

175
Q

What muscles attach to the extensor expansion

A

Extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle

Lumbrical muscles

Dorsal interossei muscles

Palmar interossei muscles

176
Q

What are the phalanges

A

The phalanges are the distal bones in the hand.

177
Q

What is A

A

Scaphoid

178
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm; deep fibres bind radius and ulna together

179
Q

What is I

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

180
Q

What is E

A

Second dorsal interosseous

181
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on the wrist joint?

A

They both extend and abduct the wrist joint.

182
Q

What is C

A

Proper palmar digital nerves (median nerve)

183
Q

What is C

A

Flexor retinaculum

184
Q

The thenar muscles from the thenar eminence on the lateral part of the palm are responsible mainly for what?

A

Apposition of the thumb

185
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of superficial palmar arch

A

Ulnar

186
Q

Where does the extensor digitotum arise from

A

It arises from common extensor origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

187
Q

What is I

A

Distal phalange

188
Q

Describe the blood supply to the hand

A

The ulnar and radial arteries and their branches provide all the blood to the hand. Both arteries after entering the palm contribute to the formation of arterial arches - superficial and deep palmar arteries These arterial arches provide collateral circulation in the hand

189
Q

What is 19

A

superficial branch of radial nerve, radial artery and vein

190
Q

Pronator teres = pronation The other 3 muscles of the superficial group of the anterior forearm flex the hand at the wrist joint. Which muscles in addition to this adduct and abduct at the wrist joint?

A

Adduct the wrist joint = flexor carpi ulnaris Abduct the wrist joint = flexor carpi radialis

191
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

4 tendons of Flexor digitorum superficialis

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus

192
Q

what is K

A

Extensor digitorum

193
Q

What is F

A

Medial epicondlye

194
Q

What is J

A

Flexor Carpi radialis

195
Q

What muscle is the only member of the intermediate group of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

196
Q

Extension of the wrist joint is caused by contraction of the muscles in which compartment?

A

Posterior

197
Q

How many phalanx are in the thumb and what are they called

A

There is a proximal and distal phalanx in the thumb

198
Q

What innervates the following muscles:

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Supinator

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Radial nerve

199
Q

What is C

A

ulnar nerve

200
Q

What is F

A

Extensor digiti minimi

201
Q

What is 4

A

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

202
Q

What is 14

A

ulna

203
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome results from what?

A

Any lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel

204
Q

What do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm do in general compared to the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Anterior compartment = flexion and pronation

Posterior compartment = extension and supination

205
Q

What is P

A

Middle phalange

206
Q

What is A

A

Opponens Pollicis

207
Q

What 3 muscles make up the deep group of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

208
Q

What part of the thenar eminence does the median nerve not supply

A

The deep belly of flexor pollicis brevis, and the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles

209
Q

What is the function of the superior branch of the raidal nerve

A

The superficial branch is purely sensory and distributed to skin on the dorsum of the hand.

210
Q

What is 7

A

Median nerve

211
Q

What is 11

A

Tendon of brachialis muscle

212
Q

The adductor pollicis is made up of 2 heads Name them

A

Transverse head Oblique head

213
Q

Whtat do the metacarpals articulate with proximally and distally

A

They articulate proximally at the carpo-meto-carpal (CMC) joints, and distally at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints.

214
Q

What is the function of the suppinator

A

Supinator muscle rotates the radius laterally at the proximal radioulnar joint. This action puts the radius parallel to the ulna, therefore bringing the hand into the supine position (facing anteriorly, palm up, like holding a bowl of soup).

215
Q

What is B

A

Trapezium

216
Q

The interossei are present between what bones?

A

Metacarpal bones

217
Q

What is D

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

218
Q

Which nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles?

A

Ulnar

219
Q

What is the most sensitive structure in the carpal tunnel that could be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

220
Q

What muscle of the forearm is continuous with the fascia of the palm called the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Palmaris longus tendon

221
Q

Lesion of which trunk affects these short muscles of the hand? What is the paralysis called?

A

Lower trunk Klumpke paralysis

222
Q

How many phalanx are there in fingers 2-5 and what are they called

A

There are proximal, middle and distal phalanges in fingers 2 to 5.

223
Q

What is the motor testing action for ulnar nerve

A

Spread your fingers

224
Q

What is A

A

Flexion

225
Q

What is 21

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

226
Q

What is 27

A

Anconeous muscle

227
Q

What is 10

A

Ulnar nerve

228
Q

How can distal forearm fractures be classified

A

Colle’s fracture

Smiths fracture

Scaphoid fracture

229
Q

What is I

A

palmaris longus

230
Q

What is C

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

231
Q

What is D

A

Tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis

232
Q

What is 9

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

233
Q

What is B

A

Transverse head

234
Q

What is A

A

Extensor retinaculum

235
Q

What makes the medial border of the anatomical snuff box

A

Extensor pollicis longus

236
Q

What is the combined action of extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris on the wrist joint?

A

They act as adduction or cause ulnar deviation

237
Q

Which muscles are responsible for radial deviation or abduction of the wrist?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (Radial Deviation)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Midline)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Ulnar Deviation)

238
Q

What is G

A

Extensor indicis

239
Q

What is A

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

240
Q

What is C

A

radial deviation

241
Q

What is B

A

Insertion of triceps Brachii

242
Q

What is A

A

Brachial artery

243
Q

What is C

A

Opponens digiti minimi

244
Q

What is 5

A

ulner artery

245
Q

What makes up the walls of the carpal tunnel?

A

Roof = flexor retinaculum Lateral side = scaphoid and trapezium Medial side = Pisiform and hamate

246
Q

What is D

A

Pisiform

247
Q

What is 25

A

Extensor digitorum muscle

248
Q

What is K

A

Median nerve

249
Q

What does the combined action of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris cause in the wrist

A

ulnar deviation or balanced adduction of the wrist (That is, adduction without added flexion or extension. This action is necessary for processes like hammering, throwing, golfing and swinging a baseball bat

250
Q

What segmental levels provide nerve fibres to the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

251
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of the deep palmar arch

A

Radial

252
Q

What muscles of the hand does the radial nerve supply?

A

None Supplies skin on the dorsal aspect of the hand

253
Q

What is E

A

Pronation

254
Q

What is L

A

Abductor pollicis longus

255
Q

Which nerve inervates the brachioradialis muscle? What is the segmental value?

A

Radial nerve c5, C6, c7

256
Q

How many dorsal and hor many palmar interossei are there?

A

4 dorsal 3 palmar

257
Q

What is M

A

extensor pollicis brevis

258
Q

What is C

A

Palmaris longus

259
Q

What is N

A

Extensor pollicis longus

260
Q

In close relation to which part of radius does the brachial artery divides into 2 terminal branches?

A

Opposite neck of radius

261
Q

What is A

A

Middle conjoint tendon

262
Q

What two muscles work to abduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

263
Q

What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuff box

A

scaphoid and trapezium (carpal bones)

264
Q

What is the sensory testing area for Radial nerve

A

Posterior arm

Forearm

Dorsal aspect of lateral 3 and half fingers

265
Q

Aswell as extension and abduction of the wrist, what does the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis do, with the help of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Radial deviation of the wrist

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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