Head and Neck 7 Flashcards
1
Q
How many fossa is the floor of the skull divided into?
A
3
2
Q
What do grooves and depressions in the skull indicate?
A
Where, in life, blood vessels and other structures ran
3
Q
Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossas?
A
Sphenoid
4
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal bone
5
Q
What is B?
A
Olfactory foramina
6
Q
What is C?
A
Optic canal
7
Q
What is D?
A
Foramen rotundum
8
Q
What is E?
A
Foramen ovale
9
Q
What is F?
A
Foramen spinosum
10
Q
What is G?
A
Foramen lacerum
11
Q
What is H?
A
Internal acoustic meatus
12
Q
What is I?
A
Jugular foramen
13
Q
What is J?
A
Hypoglossal canal
14
Q
What is K?
A
Foramen magnum
15
Q
What is L?
A
Occipital bone
16
Q
What is M?
A
Parietal bone
17
Q
What is N?
A
Posterior cranial fossa
18
Q
What is O?
A
Temporal bone (petrous part)
19
Q
What is P?
A
Middle cranial fossa
20
Q
What is Q?
A
Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica
21
Q
What is R?
A
Greater wing of sphenoid
22
Q
What is S?
A
Lesser wing of sphenoid
23
Q
What is T?
A
Anterior cranial fossa
24
Q
What is U?
A
Crista galli of ethmoid bone
25
What is V?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
26
What bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid
27
Which bones form the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid and temporal bone (squamous and petrous parts)
28
Which bone forms the posterior border of the middle cranial fossa?
Occipital bone
29
What four bones come together to form the H-shaped pterion?
Frontal
Parietal
Temportal
Sphenoid
30
What bones form the anterior and posterior borders of the posterior cranial fossa?
Anterior - sphenoid
Posterior - occipital
31
What structures pass through small foramina of the skull?
Nerves
32
What structures pass through large foramina of the skull?
Nerves and blood vessels
33
What foramina is present in the anterior cranial fossa?
Foramina of the cribiform plate
34
What passes through the foramina of the cribiform plate?
Olfactory nerve
35
What foramina are present in the middle cranial fossa?
Optic foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
36
What structures pass through the optic foramen?
Optic nerve
Opthalmic artery
37
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Superior and inferior divisions of occulomotor nerve
Abducen nerve
Trochlear nerve
Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
38
What structures pass throughj the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
39
What structures pass through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
40
What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
41
What structures pass through the foramen lacerum?
Internal carotid artery
42
What structures pass through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
43
What foramina is present in the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal acoustic foramen
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal foramen
Foramen magnum
44
What structures pass through the internal acoustic foramen?
Vestibulotrochlear nerve
Facial nerve
45
What structures pass through the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein/sigmoid sinus
Vagus nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
46
What structures pass through the hypoglossal foramen?
Hypoglossal nerve
47
What structures pass through the foramen magnum?
Medulla oblongata
Vertebral arteries
Spinal accessory nerves
48
What is A?
Optic canal
49
What is B?
Foramen rotundum
50
What is C?
Foramen spinosum
51
What is D?
Jugular foramen
52
What is E?
Foramen magnum
53
What is F?
Foramen magnum
54
What is G?
Hypoglossal canal
55
What is H?
Foramen lacerum
56
What is R?
Internal acoustic meatus
57
What is I?
Foramen ovale
58
What is J?
Superior orbital fissure
59
What is K?
Foramen spinosum
60
What is L?
Carotid canal
61
What is M?
Stylomastoid foramen
62
What is N?
Hypoglossal canal
63
What is O?
Jugular foramen
64
What is P?
Foramen lacerum
65
What is Q?
Foramen ovale
66
Between what layers of meninges are intra-cranial venous sinuses found?
Outside of dura mater
Inner layer is the dura mater and oluter layer is the periosteum of the inside face of the skull bone
67
What artery is found in the groove that begins just lateral to the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
68
What is a consequence of the middle meningeal artery being close to the pteryion and the skull making the groove being thin?
Artery is commonly damaged in injuries such as blow to the head, causing an extradural haemorrhage
69
What kind of haemorrhage is this?
Extradural haemorrhage
70
What is shown in the image?
71
The grooves that run laterally from both sides of the internal occipital protuberance contains what?
Transverse sinus
72
The transverse sinus groove becomes as S-shaped curve laterally, what does this contain?
Sigmoid sinus
73
Into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead?
Jugular foramen
74
Which major vein emerges into the neck from the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein
75
What is the sella turica?
Deep depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland
76
What is the pituitary gland housed in?
Sella turica
77
In the body of which bone is the sella turica found?
Sphenoid bone
78
What is found on either side of the sella turica?
Anterior and posterior clinoid processes
79
What do the anterior and posterior clinoid processes give attachment to?
A fold of dura mater, called the tentorium cerebelli
80
What is the groove on either side of the sella turica for?
Cavernous sinus
81
What foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?
Optic canal
82
The groove running along from posterior to anterior on the internal surface of the skull cap is for what?
Sagittal sinus
83
What is A?
Sphenoid bone
84
What is B?
85
What is C?
Palatine process of maxilla
86
What is D?
Choana (palatine bone)
87
What is E?
Posterior nasal spine (vomer bone)
88
What is F?
Temporal bone
89
What is G?
Occipital bone
90
What bones are the pterygoid plates and the pterygoid hamulus apart of?
Sphenoid bone
91
What bone is this?
Sphenoid bone
92
What is A?
Superior orbital fissure
93
What is B?
Lesser wing of sphenoid
94
What is C?
Greater wing of sphenoid
95
What is D?
Lateral pterygoid plate
96
What is E?
Medial pterygoid plate
97
What is F?
Pterygoid hamulus
98
What muscles attach to the medial pterygoid plate?
99
What muscles attach to the lateral pterygoid plate?
Medial pterygoid muscle to medial surface
Lateral pterygoid muscle to lateral surface
100
Why are neonatal skulls less rigid and more flexible than adult skulls?
They are not fully ossified
101
What are some advantages of neonates having a flexible skull?
During childbirth allows for squeezing out
During infancy allows for brain growth
In the event of accidents and falls protects the brain
102
What type of ossification occurs in the:
- flat bones of the vault of the skull
- irregular bones of the base of the skull
in neonates?
Flat bones - intramembraneous
Irregular bones - intramembraneous
103
What are the differences in the following between children and adults:
- fontanelles
- dentition
- tympanic membrane
- styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone?
Fontanelles - harden and close over time
Dentition - children have 20, adults have 32
Tympanic membrane - thicker in infants
Styloid/mastoid process - absent in neonatal skull
104
What is A?
Styloid process
105
What is B?
Mastoid process
106
At what age do the anterior fontanelles fuse?
9 to 18 months
107
At what age do the posterior fontanelles fuse?
First few months
108
What is A?
109
What is B?
110
What is C?
111
What does this histology image show?
Tongue
112
What kind of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue\>
Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium
113
What kind of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue?
Smooth muscle
114
Each salivary gland is responsible for different kinds of secretions, what are the different types?
Predominantly serous
Predominantly mucous
Mixed
115
How does each salivary gland differ histologically?
By the present and amount of serous or mucous acini (secretory component)
116
How do serous acini and mucous acini differ?
Serous secretes proteins so stain strongly with H&E stain
Mucous secretes the glucoprotein mucous which stains poorly with H&E
117
Which kind of acinis is A and which is B?
A - serous acinis
B - mucous acinis
118
Cell labled D is a myoepithelial cell, what is the function of this cell?
Contractile function, helps to expel secretions
119
What cell helps expel secretions of salivary glands?
Myoepithelial cell
120
In terms of mucous/serous acini, sublingual glands are?
Mainly mucous acini
121
In terms of mucous/serous acini, parotid glands are?
Mainly serous acini
122
In terms of mucous/serous acini, submandibular glands are?
A mixture of serous and mucous acini
123
What is image A, B and C?
A - parotid gland (serous glands)
B - sublingual gland (mucous glands)
C - submandibular glands (mixed serous and mucous)
