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2nd Year - Anatomy > NERVES > Flashcards

NERVES Flashcards

1
Q

In what from do the somatic nerves initially emerge from the spinal cord

A

As a sensory dorsal and motor ventral nerve root

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2
Q

Where do the sensory dorsal and motor ventral nerve root meet and come together

A

The intervertebral foreamen

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3
Q

What do sensory dorsal and motor ventral nerve root create when they meet at the intervertebral foreamen

A

A mixed spinal nerve

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4
Q

Where does the mixed spinal nerve exit from

A

The Intervertebral foreamen

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5
Q

What does the mixed spinal nerve branch into after it exits from the intervertebral foreamen

A

A dorsal and ventral ramus

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6
Q

What does ramus stand for in anatomical terms

A

A branch

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7
Q

What does the ventral ramus supply

A

Skin
Muscles
Bones of anterolateral skeleton
upper and lower limbs

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8
Q

What does the dorsal ramus supply

A

The posterior side of the trunk

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9
Q

What does the dorsal root carry?

A

Sensory (afferent) fibres

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10
Q

What does the ventral root carry?

A

Motor (efferent) fibres

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11
Q

What does the mixed spinal nerve carry?

A

Both motor and sensory fibres

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12
Q

What does the dorsal and ventral rami carry?

A

Both motor and sensory fibres

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13
Q

In what direction does the dorsal ramus pass out of each spinal level

A

Posteriorly

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14
Q

What organs does the dorsal ramus supply?

A

Muscle of back and skin of back

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15
Q

In what direction does the ventral ramus pass out of each spinal level

A

Laterally and then anteriorly

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16
Q

What organs does the ventral ramus supply?

A 
Anterolateral thoracic (intercostal) 
Abdominal walll (oblique muscles and rectus abdominis)
Skin overlying these muscles
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17
Q

What are the ventral rami that supply the intercostal muscles known as?

A

Intercostal nerves

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18
Q

What intercostal nerves lies below rib 7

A

The 7th intercostal nerves

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19
Q

Where does the 4th intercostal nerve lie in relation to the 4th rib

A

Below it in the intercostal groove

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20
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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21
Q

How many intercostal nerves are there?

A

12

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22
Q

What spinal level supplies the lower 6 intercostal nerves

A

T7-T12

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23
Q

What do the lower 6 intercostal nerves supply

A

The bottom 6 ribs

The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

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24
Q

What runs through each costal groove

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

25
Q

What is the T12 rib also called

A

The subcostal nerve

26
Q

What is a cutaneous nerve

A

Nerves to the skin (sensory to skin)

27
Q

What plexus do the cutaneous nerves of the arm arise from?

A

The brachial plexus

28
Q

Define a dermatome

A

The joined up strip of skin supplied by fibres coming from only one single spinal nerve.

29
Q

Is a dermatome a nerve ?

A

NO!

It is a strip of skin

30
Q

What is narrower - a dermatome or a cutaneous nerve?

A

A dermatome

31
Q

Why are dermatomes useful clinically?

A

They help pinpoint the exact spinal nerve fibre that is responsible for a cutaneous nerve mis-functioning

32
Q

What dermatome supplies the ear?

A

C3

33
Q

What dermatome supplies the thumb

A

C6

34
Q

What dermatome supplies the index and middle finger?

A

C7

35
Q

What dermatome supples the medial forearm, ring finger and pinky

A

C8

36
Q

What dermatome supplies the lateral arm

A

C6

37
Q

What dermatome supplies the medial upper arm

A

T1

38
Q

What dermatome supplies the central portion of the arm

A

C5

39
Q

What is a cutaneous field?

A

an area of skin supplied by sensory neurons from a single peripheral nerve. It may be distributed to more than one spinal cord level

40
Q

What happens to sensation in a dermatome if the ventral ramus is badly damaged

A

Complete loss of sensation in dermatome

41
Q

What happens to sensation if you damage a peripheral nerve?

A

You lose sensation in the entire cutaneous filed

42
Q

What do the dermatomes of the trunk relate to?

A

The intercostal spaces of the thorax

43
Q

What joint occurs in the midline of the trunk at dermatome T2

A

Sterno-costal joints

44
Q

What feature is found at dermatome T4

A

Nipple

45
Q

What feature is found at dermatome T10

A

Belly button (umbilicus)

46
Q

What dermatome is the nipple found in

A

T4

47
Q

What dermatome is the belly button found in

A

T10

48
Q

What dermatome layer is the Xiphoid process in

A

T5

49
Q

What dermatome layer is the costal margin in?

A

T8

50
Q

What is the endonerium

A

A layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each nerve fibre

51
Q

What secretes myelin in the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwan cells

52
Q

What secretes myelin the the central nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

53
Q

What is a perineurium

A

A protective sheath that surrounds each fascicle in the nerve

54
Q

If multiple fascicles are bundled together and are supplied by its own blood supply and fatty tissue - what is it called?

A

Epineurium

55
Q

Where is a Schwann cell located?

A

Schwann cell nuclei are located on the outside of the sheath

56
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A region of skeletal muscle innervated by a single nerve or spinal cord level?

57
Q

A what dermatome level do pain fibres from the heart enter?

A

T1-T4

58
Q

At what dermatome level do pain fibres from the appendix enter?

A

T10

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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