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2nd Year - Anatomy > Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery as it enters the leg?

A
  1. Anterior tibial artery 2. Posterior tibial artery
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2
Q

What kind of joint is the talonavicular joint and what movement does it allow

A

Is a ball and socket joint which allows the foot to pivot from side to side.

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3
Q

Which nerve and vessel accompany these 3 muscle tendons through the ‘door to the foot’?

A
  1. Medial and lateral plantar nerve
  2. Medial and lateral plantar arteries
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4
Q

Cover and say

A
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5
Q

Which branch innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deepfibular (peroneal) nerve

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6
Q

When is the malleolar grip strongest

A

during dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint

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7
Q

The other movements of the ankle occur at the subtalar(below the talus) joints - what are these

A

eversion and inversion

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8
Q

What is 1,2,3,4

A
  1. Tibiasanterior
  2. Extensor digitorumlongus
  3. Extensor Hallicuslongus
  4. Fibularis Tertius – this is a small muscle found at the distal aspect of the leg
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9
Q

Cover and say

A
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10
Q

What are 1,2,3,4,5,6

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranous
  3. Semitendinous
  4. Tibial nerve
  5. Popliteal artery
  6. Common fibular nerve
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11
Q

What bone makes up the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

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12
Q

The …………. vein ascends on the Medial aspect of the leg and thigh and drains into the…….. vein

A

greater saphenous

Femoral

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13
Q

The common fibular nerve further divides in the leg into ..?

A

the Superficialfibular (peroneal) and deepfibular (peroneal) nerves

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14
Q

What kind of joint is the inferior or distal tibio- fibular joint

A

Syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

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15
Q

Which fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg mainly do

A

These muscles are mainly Extensors (dorsiflexors)of the ankle joint and Dorsiflexof the toes.

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18
Q

Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

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19
Q

Which ligament of ankle joint is the weakest?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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20
Q

Cover and say

A
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21
Q
A
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

How does the plantar fascia have a dual role

A

This acts in a dual role by supporting the arches of the foot, and acting as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait.

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24
Q

Straighten your leg – which tendon attaches onto the superior aspect of this?

A

Pateller tendon/ligament

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25
Q

What do the malleoli do to the talus during movements of the ankl joint

A

Grip it tightly

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26
Q

What movement do the deep group of muscles do

A

These muscles flex the toes and/or the ankle.

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27
Q

The lateral compartmentof the leg contains two muscles..?

A
  1. Fibularis longus 2. Fibularis brevis
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28
Q

What muscles are involved with plantar flexion of the ankle joint

A

gastrocnemius,

soleus,

plantaris

posterior tibialis

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29
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve which innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

The Medial plantar and lateral Plantar nerves

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30
Q

Cover and name

A
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31
Q

What is 1,2,3,4,5,6

A
  1. Talus
  2. Calcaneus
  3. Navicular
  4. Cuboid
  5. Cuneiform (1 to 3)
  6. Metatarsals (1 to 5)
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32
Q

What movement makes the ankle joint unstable

A

plantar flexion movement of the ankle joint

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33
Q

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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34
Q

What are 1 and 2

A
  1. Tibionavicular (part of medial ligament)
  2. Tibiocalcaneal (medial ligament part of)
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35
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal tibio-fibular joint

A

Plane

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36
Q

What nerve is damaged in foot drop

A

damage to the common fibular nerve

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37
Q

How are the interossei sub-divided

A

These are subdivided into plantar interossei which Adductthe digits and dorsal interossei which Abdductthe digits. (choose from abduct/adduct) Remember PAD DAB

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38
Q

During which movements of the subtalar joint are ankle sprains more common?

A

Inversion

39
Q

What 4 mucles make up the deep compartment of the leg

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor hallicus longus
  3. Tibialis Posterior
  4. Flexor digitorum longus
40
Q

Which muscles form the superior boundaries of popliteal fossa?

A

Medial – Semitendinous and Semimembranous

Lateral – Biceps femoris

41
Q

How do the 4 muscles of the deep compartment of the leg pass to the sole of the foot

A

These muscles must pass to the sole of the foot, but do not travel around the calcaneus, where they would be compressed.

Rather they pass medially to enter through the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus, covered by the flexor retinaculum

42
Q

Which muscle forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

43
Q

The posterior tibial pulse is palpated behind the ………. and it is the continuation of the ……… artery.

A

Medial malleolus

Posterior tibial

44
Q

What passive factors maintain the integrity of the arch

A

Shape of the united bones

Plantar Calcaneonavicularligament or Springligament

Long Plantarligament

Short plantar Ligament

45
Q

What does the first layer of muscles do to the toes;

A

Flexes and initiates the first part of the gat cycle

46
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior leg divided into

A

superficial and a deep group

47
Q

What does the achilles tendon insert onto?

A

The posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone

48
Q

Cover and name

A
49
Q

The …….. ascends on the Lateral aspect of the leg, and drains into the ………

A

lesser saphenous vein

Popliteal vein

50
Q
A
51
Q

What muscles are involved with dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

A

tibialis anterior,

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

52
Q

What movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

53
Q

What does layer 3 of foot muscles contain

A

adductors and short flexors of the toes

54
Q

What does layer 4 of foot muscles contain

A

the interossei

55
Q
A
56
Q

Cover and say

A
57
Q

What do muscles of the lateral compartment of leg do to the foot?

A

evert

58
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

59
Q

The deep fascia of the foot is known as the ….?

A

Plantar fascia.

60
Q

The movement of the ankle laterally (sole of foot points medially) is?

A

Inversion

61
Q

What is 1, 2

A
  1. talonavicular joint
  2. talocalcaneal joint
62
Q
A
63
Q

What do the main motor nerves and main sensory nerves of the foot follow

A

As a rule, the main motor nerves of the foot follow the arterial supply, with some of the sensory nerves following the venous supply.

64
Q

What is a Mortise joint

A

meaning that the bones at the superior aspect of the joint provide a socket in which the talus fits into and can fit into a move.

65
Q

What is the anterior bony prominence you can feel about 3 to 4 cm below the knee joint?

A

Tibial tuberosity

66
Q
A
67
Q

The popliteal artery is the continuation of the ……. artery as it emerges from the ……… hiatus

A

femoral

adductor

68
Q
A
69
Q

What 3 compartments is the leg divided into

A

Lateral

Anterior

Posterior (deep and superficial)

70
Q

What does the gastrocnemius muscle do

A

Plantarflexes the ankle and is essential for a walking gait.

71
Q

What dynamic factors maintain the integrity of the arch

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Long flexor tendons

Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

72
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle joint

A

hinge (synovial)

73
Q
A
74
Q

What does the talocalcaneal joint do?

A

helps allows the foot to pivot from side to side process allowing for some lateral sliding movement

75
Q

How many layers are the muscles of the foot divided into

A

4

76
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle

A

The distal end of the Tibia and fibula with the superior part of the Talusbone.

77
Q

What is the relation of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein

A

it lies Anterior to it

78
Q

What holds the tibia and fibula together

A

the Interosseusmembrane

79
Q

Identify the contents of the popliteal fossa:

A
  1. Fat
  2. Popliteal artery, vein and branches and tributaries 3. termination of small saphenous vein
  3. Tibial and common fibular nerves
  4. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  5. Popliteal Lymph Nodes and Vessels
80
Q

What is 1,2,3,4

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor hallicus longus
  3. Tibialis Posterior
  4. Flexor digitorum longus
81
Q

What is found deep in layer 2 of muscles of foot

A

The two terminal branches of the tibial artery and nerve and artery are found, with the muscles which flex the toes.

82
Q

The foot bones are arranged into two arches, what are they

A

longitudinal and transverse arches

83
Q

What bone makes up the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

84
Q

Cover and say

A
85
Q

What are 1,2,3

A

1 - lateral

2- Anterior

3 - Posterior (deep and superficial)

86
Q

What are the two divisions of sciatic nerve?

A
  1. Tibial 2. Common fibular
87
Q

The dorsalis pedis is the continuation of the what artery and is palpated between the…..?

A

Anterior tibial

1stand 2nd metatarsal bones.

88
Q

Which are the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot region?

A

Medial plantar artery and Lateral plantar artery

89
Q

What is plantar fascitis

A

Plantar fasciitis is a common presenting condition, often felt as heel pain and is generally brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/ or age.

Treatment of this involves resting, strengthening exercises or invasive interventions such as steroid injection or as a last resort surgery.

90
Q

What do muscles in lateral compartment of leg do to ankle?

A

Dorsiflex

91
Q

What is the function of the small muscle with its very long tendon, plantaris?

A

Proprioception (weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle)

92
Q

What are 3,4,5,6

A
  1. Posterior talofibular ligament
  2. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
  3. Calcaneofibular ligament
  4. Anterior talofibular ligament
93
Q

the movement of the ankle upwards is?

A

Dorsiflexion

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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