Lower Limb 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery as it enters the leg?
A
- Anterior tibial artery 2. Posterior tibial artery
2
Q
What kind of joint is the talonavicular joint and what movement does it allow
A
Is a ball and socket joint which allows the foot to pivot from side to side.
3
Q
Which nerve and vessel accompany these 3 muscle tendons through the ‘door to the foot’?
A
- Medial and lateral plantar nerve
- Medial and lateral plantar arteries
4
Q
Cover and say
A
5
Q
Which branch innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
A
deepfibular (peroneal) nerve
6
Q
When is the malleolar grip strongest
A
during dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint
7
Q
The other movements of the ankle occur at the subtalar(below the talus) joints - what are these
A
eversion and inversion
8
Q
What is 1,2,3,4
A
- Tibiasanterior
- Extensor digitorumlongus
- Extensor Hallicuslongus
- Fibularis Tertius – this is a small muscle found at the distal aspect of the leg
9
Q
Cover and say
A
10
Q
What are 1,2,3,4,5,6
A
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranous
- Semitendinous
- Tibial nerve
- Popliteal artery
- Common fibular nerve
11
Q
What bone makes up the medial malleolus?
A
Tibia
12
Q
The …………. vein ascends on the Medial aspect of the leg and thigh and drains into the…….. vein
A
greater saphenous
Femoral
13
Q
The common fibular nerve further divides in the leg into ..?
A
the Superficialfibular (peroneal) and deepfibular (peroneal) nerves
14
Q
What kind of joint is the inferior or distal tibio- fibular joint
A
Syndesmosis (fibrous) joint
15
Q
Which fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment?
A
Superficial fibular nerve
16
Q
A
17
Q
What do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg mainly do
A
These muscles are mainly Extensors (dorsiflexors)of the ankle joint and Dorsiflexof the toes.
18
Q
Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?
A
Tibial nerve
19
Q
Which ligament of ankle joint is the weakest?
A
Anterior talofibular ligament
20
Q
Cover and say
A
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
How does the plantar fascia have a dual role
A
This acts in a dual role by supporting the arches of the foot, and acting as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait.
24
Q
Straighten your leg – which tendon attaches onto the superior aspect of this?
A
Pateller tendon/ligament
25
What do the malleoli do to the talus during movements of the ankl joint
Grip it tightly
26
What movement do the deep group of muscles do
These muscles flex the toes and/or the ankle.
27
The lateral compartmentof the leg contains two muscles..?
1. Fibularis longus 2. Fibularis brevis
28
What muscles are involved with plantar flexion of the ankle joint
gastrocnemius,
soleus,
plantaris
posterior tibialis
29
What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve which innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
The Medial plantar and lateral Plantar nerves
30
Cover and name
31
What is 1,2,3,4,5,6
1. Talus
2. Calcaneus
3. Navicular
4. Cuboid
5. Cuneiform (1 to 3)
6. Metatarsals (1 to 5)
32
What movement makes the ankle joint unstable
plantar flexion movement of the ankle joint
33
Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
34
What are 1 and 2
1. Tibionavicular (part of medial ligament)
2. Tibiocalcaneal (medial ligament part of)
35
What kind of joint is the proximal tibio-fibular joint
Plane
36
What nerve is damaged in foot drop
damage to the common fibular nerve
37
How are the interossei sub-divided
These are subdivided into plantar interossei which Adductthe digits and dorsal interossei which Abdductthe digits. (choose from abduct/adduct) Remember PAD DAB
38
During which movements of the subtalar joint are ankle sprains more common?
Inversion
39
What 4 mucles make up the deep compartment of the leg
1. Popliteus
2. Flexor hallicus longus
3. Tibialis Posterior
4. Flexor digitorum longus
40
Which muscles form the superior boundaries of popliteal fossa?
Medial – Semitendinous and Semimembranous
Lateral – Biceps femoris
41
How do the 4 muscles of the deep compartment of the leg pass to the sole of the foot
These muscles must pass to the sole of the foot, but do not travel around the calcaneus, where they would be compressed.
Rather they pass medially to enter through the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus, covered by the flexor retinaculum
42
Which muscle forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)
43
The posterior tibial pulse is palpated behind the .......... and it is the continuation of the ......... artery.
Medial malleolus
Posterior tibial
44
What passive factors maintain the integrity of the arch
Shape of the united bones
Plantar Calcaneonavicularligament or Springligament
Long Plantarligament
Short plantar Ligament
45
What does the first layer of muscles do to the toes;
Flexes and initiates the first part of the gat cycle
46
What are the muscles of the posterior leg divided into
superficial and a deep group
47
What does the achilles tendon insert onto?
The posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone
48
Cover and name
49
The ........ ascends on the Lateral aspect of the leg, and drains into the .........
lesser saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
50
51
What muscles are involved with dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
tibialis anterior,
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
52
What movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle?
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
53
What does layer 3 of foot muscles contain
adductors and short flexors of the toes
54
What does layer 4 of foot muscles contain
the interossei
55
56
Cover and say
57
What do muscles of the lateral compartment of leg do to the foot?
evert
58
Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
59
The deep fascia of the foot is known as the ....?
Plantar fascia.
60
The movement of the ankle laterally (sole of foot points medially) is?
Inversion
61
What is 1, 2
1. talonavicular joint
2. talocalcaneal joint
62
63
What do the main motor nerves and main sensory nerves of the foot follow
As a rule, the main motor nerves of the foot follow the arterial supply, with some of the sensory nerves following the venous supply.
64
What is a Mortise joint
meaning that the bones at the superior aspect of the joint provide a socket in which the talus fits into and can fit into a move.
65
What is the anterior bony prominence you can feel about 3 to 4 cm below the knee joint?
Tibial tuberosity
66
67
The popliteal artery is the continuation of the ....... artery as it emerges from the ......... hiatus
femoral
adductor
68
69
What 3 compartments is the leg divided into
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior (deep and superficial)
70
What does the gastrocnemius muscle do
Plantarflexes the ankle and is essential for a walking gait.
71
What dynamic factors maintain the integrity of the arch
Intrinsic muscles of the foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
72
What kind of joint is the ankle joint
hinge (synovial)
73
74
What does the talocalcaneal joint do?
helps allows the foot to pivot from side to side process allowing for some lateral sliding movement
75
How many layers are the muscles of the foot divided into
4
76
What are the articular surfaces of the ankle
The distal end of the Tibia and fibula with the superior part of the Talusbone.
77
What is the relation of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein
it lies Anterior to it
78
What holds the tibia and fibula together
the Interosseusmembrane
79
Identify the contents of the popliteal fossa:
1. Fat
2. Popliteal artery, vein and branches and tributaries 3. termination of small saphenous vein
4. Tibial and common fibular nerves
5. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
6. Popliteal Lymph Nodes and Vessels
80
What is 1,2,3,4
1. Popliteus
2. Flexor hallicus longus
3. Tibialis Posterior
4. Flexor digitorum longus
81
What is found deep in layer 2 of muscles of foot
The two terminal branches of the tibial artery and nerve and artery are found, with the muscles which flex the toes.
82
The foot bones are arranged into two arches, what are they
longitudinal and transverse arches
83
What bone makes up the lateral malleolus?
Fibula
84
Cover and say
85
What are 1,2,3
1 - lateral
2- Anterior
3 - Posterior (deep and superficial)
86
What are the two divisions of sciatic nerve?
1. Tibial 2. Common fibular
87
The dorsalis pedis is the continuation of the what artery and is palpated between the.....?
Anterior tibial
1stand 2nd metatarsal bones.
88
Which are the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot region?
Medial plantar artery and Lateral plantar artery
89
What is plantar fascitis
Plantar fasciitis is a common presenting condition, often felt as heel pain and is generally brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/ or age.
Treatment of this involves resting, strengthening exercises or invasive interventions such as steroid injection or as a last resort surgery.
90
What do muscles in lateral compartment of leg do to ankle?
Dorsiflex
91
What is the function of the small muscle with its very long tendon, plantaris?
Proprioception (weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle)
92
What are 3,4,5,6
3. Posterior talofibular ligament
4. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
5. Calcaneofibular ligament
6. Anterior talofibular ligament
93
the movement of the ankle upwards is?
Dorsiflexion
