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2nd Year - Anatomy > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

Costal margin

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Pubic crest

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Pubic symthesis

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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7
Q

What is G?

A

Iliac crest

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8
Q

What is H?

A

Body of lumbar vertebrae

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9
Q

What is I?

A

12th rib

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10
Q

What is J?

A

Xiphoid process

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11
Q

What are the 4 quadrants indicated?

A

Right upper quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant

Left lower quadrant

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12
Q

What are the quadrants centred around?

A

The umbilicus

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13
Q

What is A?

A

Transumbilical line

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14
Q

What is B?

A

Median line

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15
Q

What are the 9 clinical regions of the abdomen?

A

Right hypchondriac

Epigastric

Left hypochondriac

Right lumbar

Umbilical

Left lumbar

Right iliac

Hypogastric

Left iliac

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16
Q

What is 1?

A

Right and left midclavicular line

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17
Q

What is 2?

A

Intertubercular line

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18
Q

What is 3?

A

Subcostal line

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19
Q

What imaginary lines create the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Transumbilical line

Median line

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20
Q

What imaginary lines create the 9 clinical regions of the abdomen?

A

Right and left midclavicular lines

Intertubercular line

Subcostal line

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21
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver

Gallbladder

Right kidney

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22
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the epigastric region?

A

Duodenum

Pancreas

Stomach

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23
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Stomach

Spleen

Left kidney

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24
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the right lumbar region?

A

Ascending colon

Gallbladder

Liver

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25
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the umbilical region?

A

Transverse colon

Jejenum

Ileum

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26
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the left lumbar region?

A

Descending colon

Left kidney

Spleen

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27
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the right iliac region?

A

Caecum

Appendix

Ascending colon

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28
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the hypogastric region?

A

Rectum

Anal canal

Bladder

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29
Q

List 3 organs/structures present in the left iliac region?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

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30
Q

What is the antero-lateral abdominal wall constituded of?

A

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

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31
Q

What are the actions of the external obliques?

A

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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32
Q

What are the actions of the internal obliques?

A

Compress and support abdominal viscera

Flex and rotate trunk

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33
Q

What is are the actions of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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34
Q

What are the actions of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae)

Compresses abdominal viscera

Stabilises and controls tilt of the pelvis

35
Q

What is the innervation of the external obliques?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

and subcostal nerve (T12)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the internal obliques?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

and subcostal (T12)

and 1st lumbar nerve

37
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)

and subcostal (T12)

and 1st lumbar nerve

38
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?

A

Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves)

39
Q

What is A?

A

External oblique

40
Q

What is B?

A

Rectus abdominis

41
Q

What is C?

A

Transversus abdominis

42
Q

Which of these is above the level of the umbilicus and which is below?

A

A is below and B is above

43
Q

What is an additional vertical muscle of the trunk that is located superficially to the rectus abdominis?

A

Pyramidalis

44
Q

What is the action of the pyramidalis?

A

Tenses the linea alba

45
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeurosis

46
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

Sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in a flat muscle

47
Q

What is A?

A

External oblique

48
Q

What is B?

A

Internal oblique

49
Q

What is C?

A

Transervus abdominis

50
Q

What is D?

A

Rectus abdominis

51
Q

What is the rectus sheath made up of?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

52
Q

How does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?

A

Above - on both sides of rectus abdominis (seen on B)

Below - only anterior to rectus abdominis (seen on A)

53
Q

What is the vertebral position of the umbilicus on the abdominal wall?

A

L3

54
Q

Why is the umbilicus a good surface landmark?

A

Indicates L3

55
Q

Which thoracic spinal segments innervate the anterior abdominal wall?

A

T7-T12

56
Q

What is the inguinal canal formed during?

A

Relocation of the gonads during fetal development

57
Q

What does the inguinal canal lie parallel to?

A

Inguinal ligament

58
Q

What 2 bony points of the hip bone is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

Anterior superior iliac crest to pubic tubercle

59
Q

What are the layers of the inguinal canal and the scrotum from superficial to deep?

A

Skin

Subcutaneous tissue (dortos fascia)

Dortos muscle

External spermatic fascia

Cremaster muscle

Cremaster fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

Tunica vaginalis

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

60
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal, vaugly?

A

Anterior wall

Posterior wall

Roof

Floor

61
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

and fleshy interior oblique

62
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

63
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

and medial cru of external oblique

64
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

65
Q

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring

Superficial inguinal ring

66
Q

What is the relationship of the deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral

67
Q

Where does the superficial inguinal ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

Supero-lateral

68
Q

What is the superior epigastric arteries branches of?

A

Internal thoracic artery

69
Q

What is the inferior epigastric arteries branches of?

A

External iliac artery

70
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in a male?

A

Spermatic cord

Ilio-inguinal nerve

Blood and lymphatic vessels

Genitofemoral nerve

71
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in a female?

A

Vestigial round ligament of uterus

Ileo-inguinal nerve

Blood and lymphatic vessels

Genitofemoral nerve

72
Q
A
73
Q

What is a clinical consequence of the inguinal canal?

A

Weakness in abdominal wall so often where hernias are found (hernia here is called an inguinal hernia)

74
Q

What are some different abdominal hernias?

A

Inguinal hernias (most common)

Femoral hernias

Umbilical hernias

75
Q

What are the 4 distinct functional layers throughout the gut tube (histology)?

A

Mucosa (made up of epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)

Submucosa

Muscularis propria

Serosa (or adventitia)

76
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa in the gut tube?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae

77
Q

Why does the mucosal types change throughout the GI tract?

A

Dependent on function

78
Q

What are the different possible functions what impact the mucosal type throughout the GI tract?

A

Protective

Secretory

Absorptive

Absorptive/protective

79
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Anal canal

80
Q

Where is secretory mucosa found?

A

Only in the stomach

81
Q

Where is absorptive mucosa found?

A

Typical of small intestine

82
Q

What is absorptive/protective mucosa found?

A

Lines the whole of the large intestine

83
Q

What is lamina propria

A

The lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or mucosa, which line various tubes in the body, such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract.

2nd Year - Anatomy (34 decks)

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