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Block Science > Unit One Exam > Flashcards

Unit One Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is he unit for mass

A

Kilograms

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2
Q

What is the unit for volume

A

Liters

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3
Q

What is the unit for distance

A

Meters

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4
Q

What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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5
Q

Proton mass

A

1 amu

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6
Q

Neutron mass

A

1 amu

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7
Q

Electron mass

A

0 amu

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8
Q

What happens if a proton moves from an atom

A

Element changes

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9
Q

What happens if a neutron moves from an atom

A

Becomes isotope

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10
Q

What happens if an electron moves from an atom

A

Becomes ion

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11
Q

What force holds the nucleus of an atom together

A

Strong nuclear force

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12
Q

What takes up the most space in an atom

A

Nothing, the majority of an atom is empty space

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13
Q

What is the atomic number and what happens if the atomic number changes

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, and the element will change if the number of protons change

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14
Q

Atomic mass

A

The average number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom

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15
Q

What are the scientific method steps

A 
Question 
Background research 
Hypothesis 
Experiment 
Results
Conclusion 
Publish
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16
Q
  1. What is atomic mass?
A

The average number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom

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17
Q
  1. What is mass number?
A

Mass number is the specific mass (# of protons and neutrons) for one atom of an element…usually an isotope

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18
Q
  1. What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number? When are mass numbers used?
A

Atomic mass is the average mass of all atoms of an element…found on PT
mass number is a specific mass for one specific atom of an element…used to show an isotope

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19
Q
  1. Compare and Contrast the following: Neutral atom, isotope, ion.
A

Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons.
Isotopes have a different number of neutrons than protons.
Ions have more or less electrons than protons.

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20
Q
  1. What are valence electrons and why are they important?
A

They are in the outer shell of an atom. They are important because they determine what the element will bond to. (chemical properties)

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21
Q
  1. How many electrons are in

F -1

A

10

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22
Q

How many electrons are in

Ca +2

A

18

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23
Q

How many electrons are in

O-2

A

10

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24
Q

How many electrons are in

K +1

A

18

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25
Q

How many electrons are in

Li+1

A

2

26
Q

How many electrons are in

S-2

A

18

27
Q

How many electrons are in

N-3

A

10

28
Q
  1. What is an isotope?
A

More neutrons than protons in nucleus.

29
Q

How do you write the name of an isotope?

A

Carbon-14, Uranium-238, Nitrogen-15, the number after element name tells you the mass number (specific mass for that atom)

30
Q 
17.	What are the numbers of protons and neutrons in the following isotopes:
carbon-13
uranium-235
Nitrogen-15
hydrogen-3
A

Carbon-13 (6 protons, 7 neutrons)
Uranium- 235 (92 Protons, 143 neutrons)
Nitrogen-15 (7 protons, 8 neutrons)
Hydrogen-3 (1 proton, 2 neutrons)

31
Q
  1. What are the rows on the periodic table called? What do they tell you about the elements in that row?
A

Periods, they tell you how many shells an atom of that element has.

32
Q
  1. What are the columns on the periodic table called? What do elements in the same column have in common?
A

Groups, they have the same number of valence electrons

33
Q
  1. How can you determine the number of valence electrons for each element?
A

Oxidation #

34
Q
  1. What group of elements are considered stable? How many e- do they have in their valence shell?
A

Noble gases, 8 valence electrons

35
Q
  1. What 2 groups are the most reactive? Why is this?
A

Alkali metals and halogens, they are one valence electron away from becoming stable

36
Q
  1. What are the 2 periodic trends?
A

Electronegativity (ionization energy) and atomic radius

37
Q
  1. What is atomic radius?
A

The size of an atoms electron cloud

38
Q
  1. What is electronegativity?
A

How strongly an atom attracts an electron

39
Q
  1. How can you tell where the metals and non-metals are on the PT?
A

Metals are to the left of the staircase, non-metals are to the right

40
Q
  1. Are most elements metals or non-metals?
A

metals

41
Q
  1. What does an oxidation number tell you?
A

It tells you the charge of the ion formed by that element. It also tells you how many electrons are added or lost. +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0

42
Q
  1. Compare ionic and covalent bonds. Include what electrons do and types of elements involved.
A

Ionic are between metals and non-metals and electrons are transferred.
Covalent bonds are between non-metals and non-metals and electrons are shared.

43
Q
  1. What is a cation and anion? What type of bond are they involved in?
A

Cation is a positive ion
Anion is a negative ion
Involved in ionic bonds…metal becomes cation, non-metal becomes anion

44
Q
  1. Describe how metals and non-metals become ions in ionic bonds.
A

Metals lose electrons and become positive, non-metals gain electrons and become negative

45
Q
  1. What are the rules for naming ionic compounds?
A

Metal goes first, add “ide” to end of the non-metal

Ex. Sodium Chloride

46
Q
  1. What are the rules for naming ionic compounds that involve a transition metal?
A

If one element is a transition metal you write the name of the metal followed by a roman numeral that tells the charge of the metal atom. Then write the name of the anion with ide on the end, or the name of the polyatomic ion.

47
Q

What are the steps in the scientific method

A 
Question
Background research 
Hypothesis 
Experiment 
Results
Conclusion 
Publish
48
Q

Label transition metals, metals, non metals, alkali earth metals, halogens, alkali metals, Nobel gases, hydrogen , and oxidation numbers

A

See chart

49
Q

36, what type of bond is this

P2S3

A

Covalent

50
Q

Name the compound
MgCl2
Also, ionic or covalent

A

Magnesium chloride and it is ionic

51
Q

Name IrBr3

Is the charge cation or anion

A

Iridium (Roman numeral three) bromide

52
Q

What type of bond would hydrogen and nitrogen form?

A

Covalent

53
Q

What type of bond would hydrogen and oxygen make

A

Covalent

54
Q

What is the difference between elements and compounds

A

Elements are all one type of atom

Compounds are two or more elements bonded together

55
Q

What is a molecule

A

Molecule is more than one atom bonded together

H2O, NaCl

56
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded together
N and O

57
Q

Give examples of physical changes

A

Water changing state, a piece of paper being crumpled, butter melting

58
Q

What are some indicators that a physical change has occurred

A

Object changed shape, no new compound or element created, reversible, no new properties( color)

59
Q

What are examples of chemical change

A

Anything burning or rusting

60
Q

What are some indicators that a chemical change has occurred

A

A new substance is created, color changes, odor, bubbles, new molecular structure, atoms rearranged, bonds broken

Block Science (33 decks)

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