Unit One Exam Flashcards
What is he unit for mass
Kilograms
What is the unit for volume
Liters
What is the unit for distance
Meters
What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Proton mass
1 amu
Neutron mass
1 amu
Electron mass
0 amu
What happens if a proton moves from an atom
Element changes
What happens if a neutron moves from an atom
Becomes isotope
What happens if an electron moves from an atom
Becomes ion
What force holds the nucleus of an atom together
Strong nuclear force
What takes up the most space in an atom
Nothing, the majority of an atom is empty space
What is the atomic number and what happens if the atomic number changes
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, and the element will change if the number of protons change
Atomic mass
The average number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom
What are the scientific method steps
Question Background research Hypothesis Experiment Results Conclusion Publish
- What is atomic mass?
The average number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom
- What is mass number?
Mass number is the specific mass (# of protons and neutrons) for one atom of an element…usually an isotope
- What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number? When are mass numbers used?
Atomic mass is the average mass of all atoms of an element…found on PT
mass number is a specific mass for one specific atom of an element…used to show an isotope
- Compare and Contrast the following: Neutral atom, isotope, ion.
Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons.
Isotopes have a different number of neutrons than protons.
Ions have more or less electrons than protons.
- What are valence electrons and why are they important?
They are in the outer shell of an atom. They are important because they determine what the element will bond to. (chemical properties)
- How many electrons are in
F -1
10
How many electrons are in
Ca +2
18
How many electrons are in
O-2
10
How many electrons are in
K +1
18
How many electrons are in
Li+1
2
How many electrons are in
S-2
18
How many electrons are in
N-3
10
- What is an isotope?
More neutrons than protons in nucleus.
How do you write the name of an isotope?
Carbon-14, Uranium-238, Nitrogen-15, the number after element name tells you the mass number (specific mass for that atom)
17. What are the numbers of protons and neutrons in the following isotopes: carbon-13 uranium-235 Nitrogen-15 hydrogen-3
Carbon-13 (6 protons, 7 neutrons)
Uranium- 235 (92 Protons, 143 neutrons)
Nitrogen-15 (7 protons, 8 neutrons)
Hydrogen-3 (1 proton, 2 neutrons)
- What are the rows on the periodic table called? What do they tell you about the elements in that row?
Periods, they tell you how many shells an atom of that element has.
- What are the columns on the periodic table called? What do elements in the same column have in common?
Groups, they have the same number of valence electrons
- How can you determine the number of valence electrons for each element?
Oxidation #
- What group of elements are considered stable? How many e- do they have in their valence shell?
Noble gases, 8 valence electrons
- What 2 groups are the most reactive? Why is this?
Alkali metals and halogens, they are one valence electron away from becoming stable
- What are the 2 periodic trends?
Electronegativity (ionization energy) and atomic radius
- What is atomic radius?
The size of an atoms electron cloud
- What is electronegativity?
How strongly an atom attracts an electron
- How can you tell where the metals and non-metals are on the PT?
Metals are to the left of the staircase, non-metals are to the right
- Are most elements metals or non-metals?
metals
- What does an oxidation number tell you?
It tells you the charge of the ion formed by that element. It also tells you how many electrons are added or lost. +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
- Compare ionic and covalent bonds. Include what electrons do and types of elements involved.
Ionic are between metals and non-metals and electrons are transferred.
Covalent bonds are between non-metals and non-metals and electrons are shared.
- What is a cation and anion? What type of bond are they involved in?
Cation is a positive ion
Anion is a negative ion
Involved in ionic bonds…metal becomes cation, non-metal becomes anion
- Describe how metals and non-metals become ions in ionic bonds.
Metals lose electrons and become positive, non-metals gain electrons and become negative
- What are the rules for naming ionic compounds?
Metal goes first, add “ide” to end of the non-metal
Ex. Sodium Chloride
- What are the rules for naming ionic compounds that involve a transition metal?
If one element is a transition metal you write the name of the metal followed by a roman numeral that tells the charge of the metal atom. Then write the name of the anion with ide on the end, or the name of the polyatomic ion.
What are the steps in the scientific method
Question Background research Hypothesis Experiment Results Conclusion Publish
Label transition metals, metals, non metals, alkali earth metals, halogens, alkali metals, Nobel gases, hydrogen , and oxidation numbers
See chart
36, what type of bond is this
P2S3
Covalent
Name the compound
MgCl2
Also, ionic or covalent
Magnesium chloride and it is ionic
Name IrBr3
Is the charge cation or anion
Iridium (Roman numeral three) bromide
What type of bond would hydrogen and nitrogen form?
Covalent
What type of bond would hydrogen and oxygen make
Covalent
What is the difference between elements and compounds
Elements are all one type of atom
Compounds are two or more elements bonded together
What is a molecule
Molecule is more than one atom bonded together
H2O, NaCl
What is a mixture
Two elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded together
N and O
Give examples of physical changes
Water changing state, a piece of paper being crumpled, butter melting
What are some indicators that a physical change has occurred
Object changed shape, no new compound or element created, reversible, no new properties( color)
What are examples of chemical change
Anything burning or rusting
What are some indicators that a chemical change has occurred
A new substance is created, color changes, odor, bubbles, new molecular structure, atoms rearranged, bonds broken
