Genetics Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction that requires only one parent, mitosis only
Chromosome
Long pieces of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Dihybrid
Identically heterozygous at two loci for example RRYy
Diploid
A set of chromosomes containing both members of each chromosome pair
Egg
Female gamete with one copy of each chromosome
Embryo
Early stages of growth and differentiation characterized by rapid cell division and the formation of organ systems
Fertilization
Make and female gamete fuses
Gene
Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait
Genotype
Makeup of organism, letters
Haploid
Set of chromosome containing only one member of each chromosome pair
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction that requires two parents
Sperm
Male gamete with one copy of each chromosome
One step in a single eukaryotic cell becoming two daughter cells is the process of
Mitosis
Law of independent assortment
Genes segregate without influence on each other’s inheritance
How does gamete relate to body cell
Body cell has double the chromosomes
Gametes hold half as many as body cells
During the formation of gametes independent assortment occurs
Between homologous
Mendes hypothesis that two factors for each trait are segregated during the formation of gametes is explained by
Separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Law of independent assortment
Gene pairs sort randomly and independently of each other
The law of segregation states
Alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis
To describe how traits can disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation Mendel proposed
The law of independent assortment
One of the plants that the scientists is studying has an extra copy of one chromosome in all its cells, this variation most likely occurred during
Meiosis
Crossing over commonly results inn
New combinations of genes
For tests always cross with
Homo Recessive
The genetic makeup of an organism is called its
Genotype
Living things grow because
Organisms produce more and more cells by mitosis
How are mature human sperm and egg similar
Same number of chromosome in the nuclei
Female gametes at called
Eggs
Each egg and Sperm cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes, after fertilization a zygote is formed with a blank number of chromosomes
Diploid number
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete
23
A human zygote contains how many chromosomes
46
Sex cells are also called
Gametes
If father has mutation and every Daughter does but no sons what type of mutation is not possible
Y linked
No disjunction is related to human disorder, how
Alters chromosome numbers
What occurs during the process of meiosis in humans that can lead to a child with the condition of Down syndrome
Production of gametes with one duplicate chromosome, no disjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis
In which situation are the phenotype a of f2 offspring expected to follow the 9:3:3:1 ratio
Dihybrid cross for two unlinked traits
Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment
Metaphase one
Synapsids
Forming tetrad
Crossing over happens where
Prophase one
Inn complete dominance
Neither alleles dominant, blending
Co dominance
Dominant form of each are evident, spots, blood
Hybrid
Hetero
Purebred
Homo
True breeding
Homo
Dihybrid solving
Foil
Circle with dot (pedigree)
X linked
If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is
X linked
If the ratio of fifty fifty then the disorder is
Autosomal
If it is recessive
Neither parents have it
If it is dominant
Parent must have it
Allele
An alternate form of a gene for one trait
