Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that requires only one parent, mitosis only

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Long pieces of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

Dihybrid

A

Identically heterozygous at two loci for example RRYy

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4
Q

Diploid

A

A set of chromosomes containing both members of each chromosome pair

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5
Q

Egg

A

Female gamete with one copy of each chromosome

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6
Q

Embryo

A

Early stages of growth and differentiation characterized by rapid cell division and the formation of organ systems

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7
Q

Fertilization

A

Make and female gamete fuses

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8
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait

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9
Q

Genotype

A

Makeup of organism, letters

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10
Q

Haploid

A

Set of chromosome containing only one member of each chromosome pair

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11
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that requires two parents

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12
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete with one copy of each chromosome

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13
Q

One step in a single eukaryotic cell becoming two daughter cells is the process of

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Genes segregate without influence on each other’s inheritance

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15
Q

How does gamete relate to body cell

A

Body cell has double the chromosomes

Gametes hold half as many as body cells

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16
Q

During the formation of gametes independent assortment occurs

A

Between homologous

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17
Q

Mendes hypothesis that two factors for each trait are segregated during the formation of gametes is explained by

A

Separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

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18
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Gene pairs sort randomly and independently of each other

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19
Q

The law of segregation states

A

Alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis

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20
Q

To describe how traits can disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation Mendel proposed

A

The law of independent assortment

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21
Q

One of the plants that the scientists is studying has an extra copy of one chromosome in all its cells, this variation most likely occurred during

22
Q

Crossing over commonly results inn

A

New combinations of genes

23
Q

For tests always cross with

A

Homo Recessive

24
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its

25
Living things grow because
Organisms produce more and more cells by mitosis
26
How are mature human sperm and egg similar
Same number of chromosome in the nuclei
27
Female gametes at called
Eggs
28
Each egg and Sperm cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes, after fertilization a zygote is formed with a blank number of chromosomes
Diploid number
29
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete
23
30
A human zygote contains how many chromosomes
46
31
Sex cells are also called
Gametes
32
If father has mutation and every Daughter does but no sons what type of mutation is not possible
Y linked
33
No disjunction is related to human disorder, how
Alters chromosome numbers
34
What occurs during the process of meiosis in humans that can lead to a child with the condition of Down syndrome
Production of gametes with one duplicate chromosome, no disjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis
35
In which situation are the phenotype a of f2 offspring expected to follow the 9:3:3:1 ratio
Dihybrid cross for two unlinked traits
36
Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment
Metaphase one
37
Synapsids
Forming tetrad
38
Crossing over happens where
Prophase one
39
Inn complete dominance
Neither alleles dominant, blending
40
Co dominance
Dominant form of each are evident, spots, blood
41
Hybrid
Hetero
42
Purebred
Homo
43
True breeding
Homo
44
Dihybrid solving
Foil
45
Circle with dot (pedigree)
X linked
46
If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is
X linked
47
If the ratio of fifty fifty then the disorder is
Autosomal
48
If it is recessive
Neither parents have it
49
If it is dominant
Parent must have it
50
Allele
An alternate form of a gene for one trait