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Block Science > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that requires only one parent, mitosis only

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Long pieces of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

Dihybrid

A

Identically heterozygous at two loci for example RRYy

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4
Q

Diploid

A

A set of chromosomes containing both members of each chromosome pair

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5
Q

Egg

A

Female gamete with one copy of each chromosome

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6
Q

Embryo

A

Early stages of growth and differentiation characterized by rapid cell division and the formation of organ systems

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7
Q

Fertilization

A

Make and female gamete fuses

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8
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait

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9
Q

Genotype

A

Makeup of organism, letters

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10
Q

Haploid

A

Set of chromosome containing only one member of each chromosome pair

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11
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that requires two parents

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12
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete with one copy of each chromosome

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13
Q

One step in a single eukaryotic cell becoming two daughter cells is the process of

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Genes segregate without influence on each other’s inheritance

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15
Q

How does gamete relate to body cell

A

Body cell has double the chromosomes

Gametes hold half as many as body cells

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16
Q

During the formation of gametes independent assortment occurs

A

Between homologous

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17
Q

Mendes hypothesis that two factors for each trait are segregated during the formation of gametes is explained by

A

Separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

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18
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Gene pairs sort randomly and independently of each other

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19
Q

The law of segregation states

A

Alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis

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20
Q

To describe how traits can disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation Mendel proposed

A

The law of independent assortment

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21
Q

One of the plants that the scientists is studying has an extra copy of one chromosome in all its cells, this variation most likely occurred during

A

Meiosis

22
Q

Crossing over commonly results inn

A

New combinations of genes

23
Q

For tests always cross with

A

Homo Recessive

24
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its

A

Genotype

25
Q

Living things grow because

A

Organisms produce more and more cells by mitosis

26
Q

How are mature human sperm and egg similar

A

Same number of chromosome in the nuclei

27
Q

Female gametes at called

A

Eggs

28
Q

Each egg and Sperm cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes, after fertilization a zygote is formed with a blank number of chromosomes

A

Diploid number

29
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete

A

23

30
Q

A human zygote contains how many chromosomes

A

46

31
Q

Sex cells are also called

A

Gametes

32
Q

If father has mutation and every Daughter does but no sons what type of mutation is not possible

A

Y linked

33
Q

No disjunction is related to human disorder, how

A

Alters chromosome numbers

34
Q

What occurs during the process of meiosis in humans that can lead to a child with the condition of Down syndrome

A

Production of gametes with one duplicate chromosome, no disjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis

35
Q

In which situation are the phenotype a of f2 offspring expected to follow the 9:3:3:1 ratio

A

Dihybrid cross for two unlinked traits

36
Q

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment

A

Metaphase one

37
Q

Synapsids

A

Forming tetrad

38
Q

Crossing over happens where

A

Prophase one

39
Q

Inn complete dominance

A

Neither alleles dominant, blending

40
Q

Co dominance

A

Dominant form of each are evident, spots, blood

41
Q

Hybrid

A

Hetero

42
Q

Purebred

A

Homo

43
Q

True breeding

A

Homo

44
Q

Dihybrid solving

A

Foil

45
Q

Circle with dot (pedigree)

A

X linked

46
Q

If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is

A

X linked

47
Q

If the ratio of fifty fifty then the disorder is

A

Autosomal

48
Q

If it is recessive

A

Neither parents have it

49
Q

If it is dominant

A

Parent must have it

50
Q

Allele

A

An alternate form of a gene for one trait

Block Science (33 decks)

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