Evolution

Question 1

Homologous structure

Answer 1

Same structure and ancestor but used differently

Forearms

Question 2

Vestigial structure

Answer 2

Reduced form of ancestor structure

Appendix

Question 3

Comparative embryology

Answer 3

Embryos look similar show

Common ancestor

Question 4

What is fitness

Answer 4

Measure of relative contribution an individual trait makes to next generation

Question 5

Natural selection acts upon

Answer 5

Phenotype

Question 6

What characteristics help an organism to remain fit

Answer 6

Mimicry and camouflage

Question 7

What is mimicry

Answer 7

A species mimics another to fend off predators

Question 8

What is the definition of speciation

Answer 8

Formation of new species

Question 9

Gradualism

Answer 9

Gradual divergence

Question 10

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 10

Changes most at start then little for rest of life

Question 11

What is divergent evolution

Answer 11

One species evolved into two species

Question 12

Convergent evolution

Answer 12

Different areas and different ancestors but similar environments make
Organisms evolve similar traits

Question 13

Geographic isolation

Answer 13

Separated by geologic barrier

Question 14

Reproductive isolation

Answer 14

Members of two populations can’t interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 15

Genetic drift

Answer 15

Random change in allele frequency causes and allele to become common

Question 16

Gene pool

Answer 16

Common group of all genes present in a population

Question 17

What size will genetic drift affect most

Answer 17

Small

Question 18

What is the biggest force driving evolution

Answer 18

Natural selection

Question 19

What was produced from the Miller Ray experiments

Answer 19

Early life condition, amino acids sugars and nucleotides

Question 20

What was the first genetic material on earth

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

Who officially disproved the spontaneous generation

Answer 21

Francesco redi

Question 22

What is spontaneous generation

Answer 22

Theory of living things coming from non living things

Question 23

What was lamarcks theory

Answer 23

Organisms required traits by using bodies in different ways

Question 24

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 24

Eukaryotes developed from one larger prokaryote engulfing another and working
Together

Question 25

Genetic drift Migration And non random mating can all cause

Answer 25

Speciation | Natural selection

Question 26

Archaebacteria was

Answer 26

Autotrophic Prokaryotic Chemo synthetic

Question 27

A genetic change will be maintained in a population is the change

Answer 27

Improves fitness

Question 28

What must occur for speciation

Answer 28

Isolation

Question 29

Five points of natural selection

Answer 29

``` Population have variations Variation favorable More offspring are produced and survive Who survive carry favorable traits A population will change over time ```

Question 30

Stabilizing selection

Answer 30

Middle graph The extremes are selected against Ex average height

Question 31

Directional selection

Answer 31

One extreme is selected for Graph goes to one side Ex super tall giraffe neck

Question 32

Disruptive selection

Answer 32

Graph goes both sides no middle The extremes are both selected for Super tall or super short No average

Question 33

Founder effect

Answer 33

Cause of genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population

Question 34

Gene flow

Answer 34

Genetic exchange due to migration of fertile individuals between populations Reduces differences between populations

Question 35

Non random mating

Answer 35

Interbreeding and assortive mating | Artificial selection

Question 36

Natural selection examples

Answer 36

Beetle picture and antibacterial | Soap

Question 37

What occurs when there is a changing in relative frequency of allele or gene pool

Answer 37

Evolution of population

Question 38

Single gene

Answer 38

Two phenotype a

Question 39

Polygenic

Answer 39

Many phenotype a

Question 40

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 40

Secondary sec characteristic distinct | Make and female difference

Question 41

Sexual selection

Answer 41

Selection towards secondary sec characteristic, leads to dimorphism

Question 42

Hardy Weinberg principals

Answer 42

The original proportion of genotype in a population a remains constant if Population size oils large Random mating No mutations No genes lost or introduced No selection occurs Basically all genotype a can survive and produce equally well

Question 43

As new species evolve what happens to population

Answer 43

Populations become reproductively isolated

Question 44

Behavioral isolation

Answer 44

Capable of breeding but have different breeding calls | Example meadowlarks

Question 45

Temporal isolation

Answer 45

Two or | More species reproduce at different times

Question 46

Speciation occurred in Galapagos finches by

Answer 46

Founding of a new population Geographic isolation Reproductive isolation Changes in Gene pool due to competition