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Block Science > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Homologous structure

A

Same structure and ancestor but used differently

Forearms

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2
Q

Vestigial structure

A

Reduced form of ancestor structure

Appendix

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3
Q

Comparative embryology

A

Embryos look similar show

Common ancestor

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4
Q

What is fitness

A

Measure of relative contribution an individual trait makes to next generation

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5
Q

Natural selection acts upon

A

Phenotype

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6
Q

What characteristics help an organism to remain fit

A

Mimicry and camouflage

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7
Q

What is mimicry

A

A species mimics another to fend off predators

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8
Q

What is the definition of speciation

A

Formation of new species

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9
Q

Gradualism

A

Gradual divergence

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10
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Changes most at start then little for rest of life

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11
Q

What is divergent evolution

A

One species evolved into two species

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12
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Different areas and different ancestors but similar environments make
Organisms evolve similar traits

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13
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Separated by geologic barrier

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14
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Members of two populations can’t interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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15
Q

Genetic drift

A

Random change in allele frequency causes and allele to become common

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16
Q

Gene pool

A

Common group of all genes present in a population

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17
Q

What size will genetic drift affect most

A

Small

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18
Q

What is the biggest force driving evolution

A

Natural selection

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19
Q

What was produced from the Miller Ray experiments

A

Early life condition, amino acids sugars and nucleotides

20
Q

What was the first genetic material on earth

A

RNA

21
Q

Who officially disproved the spontaneous generation

A

Francesco redi

22
Q

What is spontaneous generation

A

Theory of living things coming from non living things

23
Q

What was lamarcks theory

A

Organisms required traits by using bodies in different ways

24
Q

Endosymbiosis theory

A

Eukaryotes developed from one larger prokaryote engulfing another and working
Together

25
Q

Genetic drift
Migration
And non random mating can all cause

A

Speciation

Natural selection

26
Q

Archaebacteria was

A

Autotrophic
Prokaryotic
Chemo synthetic

27
Q

A genetic change will be maintained in a population is the change

A

Improves fitness

28
Q

What must occur for speciation

A

Isolation

29
Q

Five points of natural selection

A 
Population have variations
Variation favorable
More offspring are produced and survive
Who survive carry favorable traits
A population will change over time
30
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Middle graph
The extremes are selected against
Ex average height

31
Q

Directional selection

A

One extreme is selected for
Graph goes to one side
Ex super tall giraffe neck

32
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Graph goes both sides no middle
The extremes are both selected for
Super tall or super short
No average

33
Q

Founder effect

A

Cause of genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population

34
Q

Gene flow

A

Genetic exchange due to migration of fertile individuals between populations
Reduces differences between populations

35
Q

Non random mating

A

Interbreeding and assortive mating

Artificial selection

36
Q

Natural selection examples

A

Beetle picture and antibacterial

Soap

37
Q

What occurs when there is a changing in relative frequency of allele or gene pool

A

Evolution of population

38
Q

Single gene

A

Two phenotype a

39
Q

Polygenic

A

Many phenotype a

40
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Secondary sec characteristic distinct

Make and female difference

41
Q

Sexual selection

A

Selection towards secondary sec characteristic, leads to dimorphism

42
Q

Hardy Weinberg principals

A

The original proportion of genotype in a population a remains constant if
Population size oils large
Random mating
No mutations
No genes lost or introduced
No selection occurs
Basically all genotype a can survive and produce equally well

43
Q

As new species evolve what happens to population

A

Populations become reproductively isolated

44
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Capable of breeding but have different breeding calls

Example meadowlarks

45
Q

Temporal isolation

A

Two or

More species reproduce at different times

46
Q

Speciation occurred in Galapagos finches by

A

Founding of a new population
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Changes in Gene pool due to competition

Block Science (33 decks)

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