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Biochemestry Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Makes molecules/monomers

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Make macro monomers/polymers

A

Molecules / monomers

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3
Q

Make organelles and cells

A

Macromolecules/polymers

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4
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

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5
Q

Make tissues

A

Cells that work together

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6
Q

Make organs

A

Tissues

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7
Q

The # of protons in an atom

A

Element

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8
Q

Them most common elements in living things

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen 
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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9
Q

Trace elements

A

Elements we need in small amounts

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10
Q

Carbon atoms

A

Can bond 4 other atoms
For short strong bonds
Can make double bonds
Can make long chains and rings

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11
Q

Which is stronger cabin chains or rings

A

Chains

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12
Q

Monomers

A

Single molecules that makeup all living things

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13
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Single sugars

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14
Q

Glycerol

A

Alcohol used to connect things

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15
Q

Fatty acids

A

Make fats and oils

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16
Q

Amino acids

A

Make proteins

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17
Q

Nucleotides

A

Found is nucleus

Make DNA and RNA

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18
Q

Monosaccharides elements

A

Type of carbohydrate
Made only carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon/water

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19
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose-made by photosynthesis

Fructose-fruit sugar

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20
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides bonded together

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21
Q

Example of disaccharide

A

Sucrose- table sugar

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22
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Many monosaccharides bonded together

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23
Q

Glycerol(alcohol)

A

3 bonded monomers

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24
Q

Triglyceride

A

Glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids

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25
Q

Fatty acid made of

A

Acid followed by a hydrocarbon chain

Chain of hydrogen and oxygen

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26
Q

Fatty acid-water

A

Hydrophobic

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27
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Straight chains

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28
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Bent chains

Rings

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29
Q

Amino acids made of

A 
1Carbon 
1 hydrogen 
An amino group nh3
An acid (Carbon oxygen oxygen hydrogen) 
An r group (random)
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30
Q

How many different R groups

A

20

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31
Q

How many amino acids

A

20

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32
Q

Are amino acids important

A

Some are essential

You can’t just make them you need to incorporate them in your diet

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33
Q

Nucleotides made of

A

One 5carbon sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen containing base

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34
Q

5 different nitrogen bases

A 
Guanine 
Cytosine 
Adenine 
Thymine 
Uracil
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35
Q

DNA nitrogen bases

A

Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine

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36
Q

RNA bases

A

Uracil

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37
Q

DNA bases end in

A

Ine

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38
Q

Two different 5 Carbon sugars are

A

Ribose in RNA (OH)

Deoxyribose in DNA (H)

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39
Q

Largest monomer

A

Nucleotides

Largest monomer actually includes monosaccharide

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40
Q

Phosphate made of

A

Phosphate and oxygen

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41
Q

Characteristics of phosphate

A

Hydrophilic

Phosphate part likes water

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42
Q

Macromolecules this monomer can make

A

Phospholipid

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43
Q

Condensation dehydration rxn

A 
Remove water (in form of h from one molecule and OH from another)
In order to stick molecules together
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44
Q

Polymers/macromolecules

A

Monomers bordered together to make polymers

Chemical reactions that bond monomers together is condensation dehydration rxn

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45
Q

5 macro monomers

A 
Polysaccharides 
Lipids 
Phospholipids 
Proteins 
Nucleic acids
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46
Q

Polysaccharides made up of

A

Made up of MANY single sugars

Carbohydrates

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47
Q

Polysaccharides examples

A

Starch - how plants store glucose
Glycogen-how animals store glucose
Cellulose- makes plant cell walls and is out fiber in our diet (fiber is indigestible)
All are made of chains of glucose

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48
Q

Lipids made up of

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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49
Q

Lipids-water

A

Hydrophobic

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50
Q

Lipid examples

A

Fats- solid at room temp. (Saturated fatty acid) stored energy in animals

Oils- liquid at room temp. (Unsaturated fatty acid) stored energy in plants

Waxes- used to water proof

Steroids- hormones help with homeostasis

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51
Q

Phospholipids made of

A

Glycerol
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate

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52
Q

Phospholipids -water

A

Phosphate head hydrophilic
Hydrocarbon tail
Hydrophobic

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53
Q

Phospholipids example

A

Cell membrane

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54
Q

Proteins made of

A

Chains of amino acids

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55
Q

Protein quality

A

3D shape
Most muscle is protein
Most enzymes are proteins

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56
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalyze chemical reactions make the reaction in a cell run fast enough to stay alive

57
Q

Nucleic acid made of

A

Chains of nucleotides

58
Q

Examples

A

RNA
DNA
Chromosomes

59
Q

If ribose is the sugar

A

RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
Takes directions from nucleus out to cell
Little copies / messages

60
Q

If deoxyribose is the sugar

A

DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid)

Code stores all directions for how to run the cell (stays in nucleus)

61
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Upswing water to break 2 molecules apart put water in firm of H and OH back in

62
Q

Example of monosaccharides

A

Glucose

Fructose

63
Q

Monosaccharides can make this macromolecules

A

Polysaccharides

64
Q

Makes atoms

A

Sub atomic particles

65
Q

Glycerol made of

A

Hydrocarbon chain

66
Q

Glycerol characteristics

A

Alcohol

Bond 3 triglyceride

67
Q

Glycerol can make this macromolecule

A

Phosolipids

Lipids

68
Q

Fatty acids made up of

A

Hydrocarbon chain

Hydrogen

69
Q

Fatty acid characteristics

A

Hydrophobic
Straight saturated
Bent unsaturated

70
Q

Fatty acids make macromolecules

A

Phosolipids

Lipids

71
Q

Nucleotides made of

A

One 5carbon sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen containing base

72
Q

Nucleotides example

A

DNA

RNA

73
Q

Nucleotides types of bases

A 
Guanine
Cytosine 
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
74
Q

Nucleotides make what macromolecules

A

Nucleic acids

75
Q

Amino acids made of

A 
1  Carbon
A hydrogen
Amino group NH3
Acid COOH
R group
76
Q

Characteristic of amino acids

A

20 amino acids

Needed in diet

77
Q

Amino acids make what macromolecules

A

Proteins

78
Q

Biotic

A

Living

79
Q

Abiotic

A

Not living

80
Q

Organic

A

Part of or produced by living thing

81
Q

Inorganic

A

Not and never was part of living thing

82
Q

Homeostasis

A

Some unchanging internal environment

83
Q

Stimulus

A

What causes response

84
Q

Trace elements

A

Element we need in very small amounts

85
Q

Monomer

A

Single molecule that make up all living things

86
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides bonded together

87
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogen and Carbon chain

88
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Only Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

89
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Like water

90
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Fear of water

91
Q

Carboxylate group

A

C”o

-oh Acid

92
Q

Amino group

A

NH3

93
Q

R group

A

Random

Determines which of the 20 amino acids it is

94
Q

Catalyst

A

Something that sparks chemical rxn

Speed up

95
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins that catalyze chemical rxn

96
Q

Substrate

A

The reactants that an enzyme binds to

97
Q

Active site

A

The part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate

98
Q

Coenzyme

A

Molecule that helps enzyme

99
Q

Inhibitor

A

Slow or stop enzymes

100
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Need in diet
Can’t make
Need to live

101
Q

Characteristics of living things

A 
Cells 
Homeostasis 
Obtain and use energy 
Growth
Reproduction 
Responds
102
Q

Characteristics of living

CELLS

A

DNA

WATER

103
Q

Characteristics of living

Homeostasis

A

Same unchanging internal environment

104
Q

Characteristics of living

Obtain and use energy

A

Eat
Photosynthesis
Breath (gas exchange)

105
Q

Characteristics of living

Respond

A

Respond to stimuli in environment

106
Q

Action

A

Response

107
Q

Redi’s experiment

A

Disproves maggots come from rotten meat
Spontaneous generation
1668

108
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

Life created from no living materials

109
Q

Pasteur’s experiment

A

Disproved microorganism come from air
Tubes
Spontaneous generation
1850

110
Q

Hooke’s experiment

A

First cell observed
Dead cork cells
Used light microscope
1665

111
Q

Van Leeuwenhoek’s

A

1664

Observed single called organisms in pond water

112
Q

Cell theory

A

All organisms are made of cells
Cells come from other cells
A single cell is the smallest unit of life

113
Q

Levels of organization

A

Sub atomic particles put together to make atoms
Atoms out together to make molecules (monomers)
Monomers out together make organelles and cell parts
Organelles and cell parts out together make cells (smallest unit of life)

114
Q

Most common elements in living things

A 
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
115
Q

Why Carbon forms backbone of all organic polymers

A

Can bond 4 other atoms
Short strong bonds
Double bonds
Long chains and rings

116
Q

Which monomers and macro monomers are carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Glycerol
Polysaccharides

117
Q

Primary structure of proteins

A

Chain of amino acids

118
Q

Secondary structure of proteins

A

Fold of amino acids
Chains of amino acids folded over
Held together by weak hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds break if the get to hot

119
Q

Tertiary structures of proteins

A

3D shape formed

120
Q

Denatured

A

Change of 3D structure

Do to heat breaking hydrogen bonds

121
Q

Enzymes are specific

A

Only do one kind of job with certain processions

122
Q

Rate of reaction

A

Concentration of enzymes
Temperature
PH to high or to low
Ion concentration to high or to low

123
Q

Concentration of enzymes

A

⬆️concentration ⬆️rate

124
Q

Temperature

A

⬆️temperature ⬆️rate
Unless
To hot then denaturalization occurs

125
Q

PH

A

Ph to high or to low rate⬇️

126
Q

Ion concentration

A

Ion concentration to high or to low rate⬇️

127
Q

Homeostasis examples

A 
Solute concentration 
Ion concentration (electro lights)
Ph
Temperature 
Makes sure enzymes can work fast enough
128
Q

Why is the reaction that puts two monosaccharides together called dehydration condensation reaction

A

They are called this because water is removed

129
Q

Why is the reaction that takes disaccharides apart called hydrolysis reaction

A

Because a water molecule is broken in the process

130
Q

Glycogen

A

Animal starch

Animals store glucose

131
Q

What is glycogen made of

A

Glucose

132
Q

What is cellulose made of

A

Straight chain glucose molecules

133
Q

What are fats made out of

A

Fatty acid and glycerol

134
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogen and Carbon

135
Q

Why are triglycerides(fats) not attracted to water

A

Hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

136
Q

How is phospholipids different from other lipids

A

Instead of 3 fatty acid it uses 2 and a phosphate

137
Q

What part of phospholipids is hydrophobic

A

Hydrocarbon tail

138
Q

What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic

A

Phosphate

139
Q

What are waxes

A

A long chain alcohol and a long chain fatty acid

Block Science (33 decks)

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