Macromolecules And Mononers Flashcards
Polysaccharides are a type of
Carbohydrate
Examples of Polysaccharides
Cellulose, starch, glycogen, and chitin
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose galactose
Examples of disaccharides
Sucrose
Polysaccharides uses
Energy, structure, and support
Monomers that make up Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides (glucose mostly )
Are lipids non polar or polar
Non polar
What is saturated
All single bonds, straight chains, solid
What is unsaturated
Double or triple bonds. Bent liquids
What is better saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated
Examples of lipids
Fats, waxes, and oils
Lipid uses
Membrane structure
Energy storage
Steroids
Monomers that make up lipids
Triglycerides: fatty acids and glycerol
Phospholipid, what are the tail and head, non polar or polar
Tail is non polar and a fatty acid, head is polar phosphate
Uses for phospholipids
Membrane structure
Monomers that make up phospholipids
Phosphate, f.a. (Fatty acid), and p.a.
Nucleic acid are
DNA and RNA
DNA info
Deoxyribose sugar with ATCG
stores genetic info/determines genetic traits
RNA info
Ribose sugar with AUCG carries genetic info
Examples of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
Uses for nucleic acid
Stores and carries genetic info
Monomers that make up necleic acid
Nucleotide
What is denaturing
Changing the shape of the protein by heating/ changing ph
Examples of proteins
Enzymes
Transport proteins
Pigments
Hemoglobin
Uses for proteins
Catalyze reactions
Transport substances
Structure and support
Monomers that make up proteins
Amino acid
Monosaccharide elements
Cho
1:2:1
Monosaccharide bonds and functional groups
Covalent bonds
Have OH
And glucose
Glucose formula
C6H12O6
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Phobic is water fearing and non polar
Philic is water loving and polar
Monosaccharide characteristic and use
Hydrophilic and used as an easy quick energy source
Macromolecules that monosaccharides can make
Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, (glycogen, starch, chitin, cellulose)
Glycerol is made of what elements
Cho
Glycerol bonds and functional groups
An alcohol with oh-hydroxyl, group
Characteristics of a glycerol
An alcohol, hydrophilic, combined with three fatty acids to form a triglyceride,
Macromolecules glycerol can make
Lipid
Fatty acid elements
Cho
Fatty acid functional group
Hydroxyl group and -cooh
Fatty acid uses
Used to create triglycerides w glycerol with three fatty acids and also create phospholipids with two fatty acids and phosphate
Is fatty acid polar or non polar
Non polar
Macromolecules fatty acids can make
Lipids
Nucleotide elements
Chonp
Nucleotide bonds and functional group
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
Covalent bond
Nucleotide uses
Stable backbone molecule of DNA and RNA
Macromolecules nucleotides can make
Nucleic acid
Amino acid elements and functional group
Chon
Amino and carboxylic
drawing of amino acid
H—–r—–o
—n–c—c
H—–h—-oh
Amino acids how many
20 different
Amino acids make up how any proteins
10,000
What type of bond do amino acids have
Peptide
Amino acids can make what macromolecules
Proteins
Phosphates elements and bonds
PO4
Polyionic ion
Phosphate uses
Used with two fatty acids to form phospholipid
Used with sugar and base to form nucleotide
What macromolecules can phosphate make
Nucleic acid
Glycogen
Storage molecules in animals
Cellusose
Makes up cell walls of plants
Starch
Storage molecule in plants
Chitin
Exoskeletons
Lipids are found in
Fat wax and oil
LDL
Low density lipoprotein
Bad guy
HDL
High density lipoprotein
Good guy
Anabolic steroid
Muscle building
Androgenic steroid
Sex hormones
Plant hormones
Gibberellin, auxin, eytokinins
Peptide bond
Hold amino acids together and happens because of dehydration synthesis
Dipeptide
Two amino acids
Polypeptide
3 or more amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
When you remove a water molecule and connect two smaller ones
Hydrolysis
Break down molecules by adding water
Macromolecules
Polysaccharides Lipid Phospholipids Nucleon acid Protein