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Block Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of life

A 
Cells
•Organization
•Grows and develops
•Reproduces
•Responds to stimuli
•Requires energy
•Maintains homeostasis
•Adapts
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2
Q

What is an ion

A

Charged atom with different number of electron

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3
Q

How is a positive ion formed

A

Lose electrons

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4
Q

How is a negative ion formed

A

Gain electrons

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5
Q

Ionic bond

A

Metal + non metal

Dot and arrow diagram

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

Non metal and non metal

Bubble diagram

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7
Q

Metallic bond

A

Metal and metal

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8
Q

What is a compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

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9
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more elements not chemically combined

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10
Q

Ph measures what

A

Concentration of hydrogen ions

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11
Q

What is a neutralization reaction

A

Acid and base react to form salt and water

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12
Q

What is solute

A

Solid being dissolved

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13
Q

What is a solvent

A

Liquid. What something is being dissolved in

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14
Q

What makes an organic compound

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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15
Q

What is a monomer

A

Subunit of polymer

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16
Q

What is a polymer

A

Chain of monomers

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17
Q

What is a macromolecule

A

Large molecule composed of monomers

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18
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

What is the monomer for proteins

A

Amino acid

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20
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

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21
Q

What are the parts of lipids

A

Phosphate head polar with fatty acid tail non polar

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22
Q

What is the difference between polar and non polar

A

Polar water loving

Non polar doesn’t like water

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23
Q

What factors affect enzyme action

A

Temperature
PH
Concentration

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24
Q

What is a substrate

A

Substance Binds to enzyme

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25
What is the active site of an enzyme
Where substrate binds
26
What are the three points of cell theory
All cells are made of existing ones Cells are basic unit of life All living things are composed of cells
27
Eukaryotes
Larger more complex cells Has nucleus and organelles Algae yeast animals plants fungi protist
28
Prokaryote
No nucleus, lacks nuclei Lack membrane bound organelle Bacteria
29
Cell organelles and functions
Other notecards
30
Why is the phospholipid bilayer called a fluid mosaic model
Not rigid, has cholesterol and stays flexible
31
What is selectively permeable and what structure is it
Only certain things get through | Cell membrane
32
Layers of organization in a multicellular organisms
``` Cell-> Tissue-> Organ-> System-> Organism ```
33
Tissue
Made up of cells working together
34
Organ
Made up of tissues working together
35
What is the difference between active and passive transport
Active uses energy | Passive doesn't
36
Plasmolysis
Cell loses too much water and shrivels
37
Lysis
Animal cell swells up to the point where it pops
38
Turgor pressure
Water pressure on plant
39
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of molecules across a space
40
Osmosis
Movement of water from high to low
41
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from High to low
42
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion assisted by specific proteins
43
Where does water move
Towards hypertonic
44
Hypertonic
More solute than solvent
45
Isotonic
Equal on both sides
46
Hypotonic
Less solute than solvent
47
Movement against concentration gradient
Active
48
Endocytosis
Bring things into cell using energetic
49
Exocytosis
Getting things out using energy
50
Phagocytosis
Food into using energy
51
Pinocytosis
Liquid into using energy
52
Where does photosynthesis take place
Chloroplast
53
Photosynthesis formula
6CO2 + 6H2O--> C6H12O6
54
Aerobic vs. anaerobic
Aerobic: glycolysis krens cycle electron (oxygen) Anaerobic: glycolysis, fermentation (no oxygen)
55
Another name for anaerobic
Fermentation
56
Where does fermentation happen
Cytoplasm
57
What is glucose splitting and where does it take place
Glycolysis and cytoplasm
58
Mitosis
Look over other notecards
59
What is cancer
Uncontrolled mitosis
60
What causes cancer
Radiation, smoking
61
What types of cells go through mitosis
Somatic
62
How many divisions take place in mitosis
One
63
How many cells do you have at the end of mitosis
Two j
64
Are the parent cells haploid of diploid
Diploid (all chromosomes)
65
Are daughter cells haploid of diploid
Diploid
66
Are daughter cells same as the parent cells
Yes
67
DNA replication
Look at other notecards
68
Why does DNA replication take place
Repair, growth, clone
69
What is central dogma
Nucleotides- DNA- mRNA- proteins- body structure
70
Transcription and translation notes
Review them
71
DNA location role and shape
Nucleus Control center Double helix
72
mRNA location role and shape
Nucleus and cytoplasm Carrie info from DNA, imprint Single stranded
73
tRNA location role and shape
Cytoplasm Carries amino acid to ribosome Clover/ tooth shape
74
rRNA location role and shape
Ribosome/ cytoplasm/ RE Translation makes proteins O/o
75
Four important enzymes
Helicase DNA polymerase Ligase RNA polymerase
76
Helicase process involved in and role
Transcription and DNA rep | Unzips and breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
77
DNA polymerase process involved in and role
DNA rep | Hooks sugars and phosphates together (covalent)
78
Ligase process involved in and role
``` DNA rep (lagging strand) Hooks the okazakis together ```
79
RNA polymerase process involved in and role
Transcription | Adds nucleotides, connects sugars and phosphates together in mRNA, breaks hydrogen bonds, deprecated mRNA from DNA
80
What are the steps for scientific method
``` Q R H E A C S ```

Block Science (33 decks)

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