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Midterm Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of life

A 
Cells
•Organization
•Grows and develops
•Reproduces
•Responds to stimuli
•Requires energy
•Maintains homeostasis
•Adapts
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2
Q

What is an ion

A

Charged atom with different number of electron

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3
Q

How is a positive ion formed

A

Lose electrons

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4
Q

How is a negative ion formed

A

Gain electrons

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5
Q

Ionic bond

A

Metal + non metal

Dot and arrow diagram

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

Non metal and non metal

Bubble diagram

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7
Q

Metallic bond

A

Metal and metal

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8
Q

What is a compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

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9
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more elements not chemically combined

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10
Q

Ph measures what

A

Concentration of hydrogen ions

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11
Q

What is a neutralization reaction

A

Acid and base react to form salt and water

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12
Q

What is solute

A

Solid being dissolved

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13
Q

What is a solvent

A

Liquid. What something is being dissolved in

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14
Q

What makes an organic compound

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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15
Q

What is a monomer

A

Subunit of polymer

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16
Q

What is a polymer

A

Chain of monomers

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17
Q

What is a macromolecule

A

Large molecule composed of monomers

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18
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

What is the monomer for proteins

A

Amino acid

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20
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

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21
Q

What are the parts of lipids

A

Phosphate head polar with fatty acid tail non polar

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22
Q

What is the difference between polar and non polar

A

Polar water loving

Non polar doesn’t like water

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23
Q

What factors affect enzyme action

A

Temperature
PH
Concentration

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24
Q

What is a substrate

A

Substance Binds to enzyme

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25
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme

A

Where substrate binds

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26
Q

What are the three points of cell theory

A

All cells are made of existing ones
Cells are basic unit of life
All living things are composed of cells

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27
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Larger more complex cells
Has nucleus and organelles
Algae yeast animals plants fungi protist

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28
Q

Prokaryote

A

No nucleus, lacks nuclei
Lack membrane bound organelle
Bacteria

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29
Q

Cell organelles and functions

A

Other notecards

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30
Q

Why is the phospholipid bilayer called a fluid mosaic model

A

Not rigid, has cholesterol and stays flexible

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31
Q

What is selectively permeable and what structure is it

A

Only certain things get through

Cell membrane

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32
Q

Layers of organization in a multicellular organisms

A 
Cell->
Tissue->
Organ-> 
System->
Organism
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33
Q

Tissue

A

Made up of cells working together

34
Q

Organ

A

Made up of tissues working together

35
Q

What is the difference between active and passive transport

A

Active uses energy

Passive doesn’t

36
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell loses too much water and shrivels

37
Q

Lysis

A

Animal cell swells up to the point where it pops

38
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Water pressure on plant

39
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration of molecules across a space

40
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from high to low

41
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from High to low

42
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Diffusion assisted by specific proteins

43
Q

Where does water move

A

Towards hypertonic

44
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solute than solvent

45
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal on both sides

46
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solute than solvent

47
Q

Movement against concentration gradient

A

Active

48
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bring things into cell using energetic

49
Q

Exocytosis

A

Getting things out using energy

50
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Food into using energy

51
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Liquid into using energy

52
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

Chloroplast

53
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6CO2 + 6H2O–> C6H12O6

54
Q

Aerobic vs. anaerobic

A

Aerobic: glycolysis krens cycle electron (oxygen)
Anaerobic: glycolysis, fermentation (no oxygen)

55
Q

Another name for anaerobic

A

Fermentation

56
Q

Where does fermentation happen

A

Cytoplasm

57
Q

What is glucose splitting and where does it take place

A

Glycolysis and cytoplasm

58
Q

Mitosis

A

Look over other notecards

59
Q

What is cancer

A

Uncontrolled mitosis

60
Q

What causes cancer

A

Radiation, smoking

61
Q

What types of cells go through mitosis

A

Somatic

62
Q

How many divisions take place in mitosis

A

One

63
Q

How many cells do you have at the end of mitosis

A

Two j

64
Q

Are the parent cells haploid of diploid

A

Diploid (all chromosomes)

65
Q

Are daughter cells haploid of diploid

A

Diploid

66
Q

Are daughter cells same as the parent cells

A

Yes

67
Q

DNA replication

A

Look at other notecards

68
Q

Why does DNA replication take place

A

Repair, growth, clone

69
Q

What is central dogma

A

Nucleotides- DNA- mRNA- proteins- body structure

70
Q

Transcription and translation notes

A

Review them

71
Q

DNA location role and shape

A

Nucleus
Control center
Double helix

72
Q

mRNA location role and shape

A

Nucleus and cytoplasm
Carrie info from DNA, imprint
Single stranded

73
Q

tRNA location role and shape

A

Cytoplasm
Carries amino acid to ribosome
Clover/ tooth shape

74
Q

rRNA location role and shape

A

Ribosome/ cytoplasm/ RE
Translation makes proteins
O/o

75
Q

Four important enzymes

A

Helicase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
RNA polymerase

76
Q

Helicase process involved in and role

A

Transcription and DNA rep

Unzips and breaks hydrogen bonds between bases

77
Q

DNA polymerase process involved in and role

A

DNA rep

Hooks sugars and phosphates together (covalent)

78
Q

Ligase process involved in and role

A 
DNA rep (lagging strand) 
Hooks the okazakis together
79
Q

RNA polymerase process involved in and role

A

Transcription

Adds nucleotides, connects sugars and phosphates together in mRNA, breaks hydrogen bonds, deprecated mRNA from DNA

80
Q

What are the steps for scientific method

A 
Q
R
H
E
A
C
S

Block Science (33 decks)

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