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Block Science > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature

A

Average kinetic energy per molecule (speed pee molecule)

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2
Q

Heat

A

Flow of thermal emergency from hot to cold

Flow of kinetic energy from one molecule to another

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3
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed only converted or transferred from one form/place to another

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4
Q

Rule two of thermodynamics

A

Heat energy flows from high temperature to low temperature areas only

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5
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

No net flow of heat emergency because all areas are same temperature
(Putting in as much as taking out)
Passes back equally

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6
Q

How does a thermometer work

A

Molecules of alcohol speed up and expand or slow down and contract

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7
Q

What causes the red line I a thermometer to stop moving

A

Thermal equilibrium between thermometer and water causes it to stop moving

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8
Q

What is temperature measured in

A

Celsius, C

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9
Q

What is heat measures in

A

cal. c.

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10
Q

What is one calorie

A

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of one military of water
1 ml H2O by 1 degree

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11
Q

What are the calories in your food

A

Calories, actually kilocalories

Amount of heat needed to warm up 1,000 ml of water by one degree

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12
Q

High specific heat

A

More heat energy needed to increase the temp of some substances

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13
Q

Thermal energy

A

Total energy in molecules of a substance
A) kinetic energy of movie molecules
b) potential energy stored in chemical bonds

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14
Q

What cases phase change

A

Heat transfer

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15
Q

Phase change:

A

Change in amount of thermal energy cause molecules to move in different ways

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16
Q

Higher energy

A

Weaker intermolecular forces, mass does not change but density does

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17
Q

Conduction

A

Objects touch, direct heat transfer molecule to molecule

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18
Q

Convection

A

Heat transferred by flowing molecules

Warm fast moving molecules rise carrying heat with them, they expand and become less dense

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19
Q

Radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves , infrared radiation, no molecules

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20
Q

What direction does heat energy always flow and what law

A

Law of thermodynamics

Heat energy flows from high temperature to low temperature areas only

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21
Q

What is absolute 0

A

No motion of particles

0 Calvin

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22
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

Because the electrons are loosely held (can flow)

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23
Q

Why are non metals poor conductors

A

Hold their electrons tightly so are poor conductors

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24
Q

Why do good conductors feel cold

A

At room temp feel cold evaluate heat is leaving your body quickly

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25
Why are poor conductors not as cold
Because heat is leaving slower
26
If an object has a high specific heat capacity
It takes longer to heat up
27
Sublimation
Solid to gas
28
Deposition
Gas to solid
29
Gas to liquid
Condensation
30
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
31
Solid to liquid
Melting
32
Liquid to solid
Freezing
33
Solids
Vibrate in place and are closely compacted
34
Liquid
Particles can flow | Are spread out
35
Gas
Particles can flow and expand | Distance is big between particles
36
Where is the phase change on a graph
When it goes horizontal
37
Potential energy is: on a graph
The horizontal parts
38
Kinetic energy is: on a graph
The climbing parts /
39
Where is condensation in a graph
Where there is boiling
40
Where is crystallization on a graph
Where there is melting
41
The higher energy ----- the intermolecular forces
Lower intermolecular forces
42
What has lowest to highest energy
Solid lowest, liquids medium, gases highest
43
Weaker intermolecular forces means molecules can
Flow and spread apart
44
Chemical change
When chemical bonds are made or broken and new substances are formed
45
Example of chemical change
Burning ( combustion, flammability) rusting, tarnishing
46
Physical change
Change That does not break or form any chemical bonds, no new substances formed
47
Physical change examples
Phase change (melting, boiling etc) change in shape, change in size, mixtures, dissolving
48
Chemical property
Chemical properties indicate what types of chemical change a substance can do Ex. Flammability
49
Physical property
Describe the physical characteristics of a substance | Ex. Density, melting point, solubility
50
What is the goal when balancing equations
The goal is to get the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the yield arrow
51
What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction
They break old bonds and form new ones
52
Acid or base | Starts with h
Acid
53
Acid or base | Donates protons
Acid
54
Acid or base | Blue litmus color change to red
Acid
55
Acid or base | Starts with oh
Base
56
Acid or base | Accepts protons
Bases
57
Acid or base | Greater than 7 ph range
Base
58
Acid or base | Phenolphthalein paper color change
Bases | Pink and purple
59
Acid or base | Oh range less than 7
Acid
60
When acid and a base react what are the two products
Always some type of salt and water
61
What is the same for the reaction that happens between an acid and a base
Neutralization reactions
62
Acid or base | HCL
Acid
63
Acid or base | NaCl
Neither
64
Acid or base | NaOH
Base
65
Acid or base | H2SO4
Acid
66
H2O
Neither
67
What is an isomer
Two molecules that have the exact same chemical formula but have different order of atoms
68
What is a polymer
A very large molecule (macromolecule) that is made by putting together a bunch of smaller molecules (monomer)
69
Examples of polymers found in your body
DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates
70
What is a hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon are organic molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon, no other elements
71
List the number of carbons | Butane
4
72
List the number of carbons | Octane
8
73
List the number of carbons | Pentane
5
74
List the number of carbons | Methane
1
75
List the number of carbons | Propane
3
76
List the number of carbons | Ethane
2
77
List the number of carbons | Heptane
7
78
List the number of carbons | Hexane
6
79
What is the difference between a straight chain molecule of butane and its isomer and what's the same
They have different shapes and different properties | They have the same chemical formula
80
Draw the structure of a carboxylic acid
.....O .....|| .....C--OH
81
Alpha particle
Two protons and two neutrons
82
Beta particle
One electron
83
Gamma radiation
Pure energy
84
Half life
The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
85
Radioactive
Giving off radiation (alpha particles, beta particles, and or gamma together)
86
Strong nuclear force
Attractive force between nucleons, holds the nucleus together
87
Electromagnetic force
Force of attraction between electrons and protons force of repulsion between protons
88
Transmutation
One element mutates into a different element by giving off a radioactive particle
89
What is more radioactive a shorter or longer half life and why
Shorter half life because it is more radioactive, it is giving off radioactive particles faster
90
How does the atomic number and atomic mass change when an alpha particle is shot off
Atomic number goes down by two because two protons are shot off, atomic mass goes down by four because two protons and two neutrons
91
How does the atomic mass and atomic number change when a beta particle is shot off
The atomic number does up by one because a neutron is converted into a proton and the atomic mass stays the same
92
Compare and contrast the strong nuclear force with the electromagnetic force
Strong nuclear force: short range, works on protons and neutrons, stronger Electromagnetic force: long range, works on protons and electrons (only charged particles), and is weaker
93
What problems occur when exposed to radioactive decay for long periods of time at high levels
Cancer, birth defects m, shortened life span
94
Chain reaction
Splitting one atom causes several atoms to split when neutrons are shot off
95
Critical mass
Mass of enriched uranium needed to start an explosion
96
Nuclear fusion
Two small atoms fuse together
97
Nuclear fission
A large atom splits in two
98
Thermonuclear fusion
Fusion that takes place at very high temps
99
Why do some atoms split but others don't
Only atoms of uranium 235 split and in high concentrations
100
Under what conditions can nuclear fusion happen
Very high temps
101
Fusion
Fuse no pollution
102
Thermonuclear fusion
Very high temps
103
Fission
Splits, radioactive waste, cooler temps

Block Science (33 decks)

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