Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block Science > Dna Test > Flashcards

Dna Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the purine and pyrimidine bases

A

Purine- adenine guanine

Pyrimidine- thymine and cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Review the picture,

A

What are all the parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shape of DNA

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The information that directs replication transcription and translation are found in what

A

DNA’s bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is chargaffs rule

A

Base pairing in DNA was determined from the rule, the percentage of pyrimidine a in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines, showing the base pairings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA to DNA is known as

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA to RNA is known as

A

Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RNA to amino acid sequence is known as

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do replication and transcription occur

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Cytoplasm attached to ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is different between leading strand and lagging

A

Leading strand is replicated continuously, lagging strand is replicated discontinuous my forming Okazaki fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Review the mutations on review

A

26-28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positions available in the genetics industry, hundreds of entry level openings for tireless workers. No previous experience needed, must be able to transcribe code in nuclear environment

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Accuracy and speed vital for the job in translation, skills in transporting and positioning amino acid

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Executive position available, must maintain genetic continuity through replication and control cellular activity by regulation of enzyme production

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Supervisor of production of proteins-all shifts, must be able to follow exact directions from double stranded template, travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Review questions 35 and 38, 39, 41, 57

A

The sequence code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What parts are to the nucleotide in DNA

A

Deoxyribose, phosphate, + C G T A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Because of base pairing the percentage of —- in DNA is about equal to the percentage of —-

A

Pyrimidines= purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DNA is copied in what process

A

Semi conservative replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Difference between RNA and DNA

A

RNA- ribose sugar, single strand, uracil no T

DNA- deoxyribose, double strand, T no U

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of RNA are used in protein synthesis

A

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

During transcription where is RNA formed and its qualities

A

Inside nucleus
Single stranded
Complementary to one strands of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon

A

There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What RNA is a blueprint of genetic code

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens in translation

A

Cel uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

During translation the type of amino acid that is added to polypeptide chain depends on what

A

The codon on mRNA and the anticodon on tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Different gene mutations

A

Insertion, deletion, substitution, point, and frame shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Insertion

A

Addition of an extra nucleotide, results in frame shift mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Deletion

A

Removal or an original nucleotide, results in frame shift mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Substitution

A

Change of a nucleotide to another, result in point mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Point mutation

A

Mutation affecting one or a few nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Frame shift mutation

A

Change all codons that follow the mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a promoter

A

Binding site for RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Used to transcribe RNA from DNA, regulate RNA synthesis, finds to specific section where mRNA will be synthesized. As DNA strand unwinds the poly. Initiated mRNA synthesis by moving 3-5’ along DNA strand. The DNA strand that is read by the poly. Is called template strand. Once mRNA is complete the poly detaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What can result from DNA mutation

A

Cancer (from mutated body cell) decreased functioning my birth defects ( sex cell mutated) or no problem observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What other functions can RNA perform

A

Catalyze F chemical reactions processing messenger RNA after transcription
Helping DNA replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

DNA helicase

A

Unwinds and unzips DNA double helix during replication (breaks hydrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Bunds Okazaki fragments together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Catalyze the addition of DNA nucleotides to make replicates adding to the 3’ end of the new strand
( builds the new strands of DNA from the old strand (builds the hydrogen and phosphodiester)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

RNA Primase

A

Adds short pieces of RNA to each strand of DNA to help keep the helix open and to as a starter piece with a 3’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Catalyze the addition of RNA nucleotides to transcribe DNA into RNA adding to the 3’ end of new strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Chromatin

A

Loosely coiled DNA (in this state during interphase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Chromatids

A

Tightly coiled DNA found during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Chromosomes

A

Pair of identical chromatids that are joined by a centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are in the human body cell

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How many total chromosomes are in the human body

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is body cell and examples

A

Somatic cell

Ex: kidney, liver, bone, skin, etc.

49
Q

What is the monomer of DNA

A

Nucleotide

50
Q

What is monomer of RNA

A

Nucleotide

51
Q

What is monomer of protein

A

Amino acid

52
Q

Watson crick pp

A

Used the discoveries of the others to build the first model of DNA

53
Q

Franklin Wilkins

A

Discovered the position of the nucleotides and how many strands in DNA (2)

54
Q

Chargaff did what

A

Base pairing rules (a=t, g=c)

55
Q

Define DNA replication

A

Making identical copies of strands of DNA

56
Q

What is DNA replication purpose

A

Ensuring that the RNA that each daughter cell gets is identical to that of the parent cell

57
Q

Where do the free floating nucleotides for DNA replication and protein synthesis come from?

A

Food

58
Q

Define gene

A

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific protein

59
Q

Shape different between RNA and DNA

A

RNA has three different shapes, DNA is double helix

60
Q

mRNA

A

Carries the genetic code to a ribosome, linear

61
Q

rRna

A

Read the genetic code, globular, joins with protein to form the ribosome

62
Q

tRNA

A

Transfers amino acids to the code, has anticodon, t shaped

63
Q

Codon

A

Three bases found on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

64
Q

Anticodon

A

Found on tRNA, it is the complement to a codon

65
Q

What is the end result of transcription

A

A RNA molecule

66
Q

What is the end result of translation

A

A polypeptide

67
Q

Do all codons code for amino acids

A

No some code for STOP

68
Q

How many amino acids and codons are there

A

20

64

69
Q

What causes a protein to be released from the ribosome

A

Stop codon

70
Q

What determines the shape and size of a protein

A

The sequence and number of amino acids

71
Q

What is a mutation

A

Change in the sequence of DNA

72
Q

What is mutagen

A

Something that causes a mutation

73
Q

Mutagen examples

A

Asbestos, radiation, cigarette smoke

74
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Identical halves of a chromosome

75
Q

Centromere

A

Protein that binds the sister chromatid together

76
Q

What type of bond are between phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

A

Covalent

77
Q

Bond between deoxyribose and nitrous base

A

Covalent

78
Q

Bond between nitrogenous base and nitrogenous base

A

Hydrogen

79
Q

Bond between amino acid and amino acid

A

Peptide

80
Q

What do you base the amino acids off of in DNA sequence

A

mRNA

81
Q

What may happen to a protein it it is built incorrectly

A

Wrong function

82
Q

Why is correct DNA replication important to protein synthesis and reproduction

A

DNA not copied right, mistakes will be passed to daughter, which will make wrong mRNA code, which codes wrong sequence for amino acids, will give protein wrong shape and will not function properly

83
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

84
Q

Where is DNA found in the cell

A

Nucleus

85
Q

DNA structure

A

Double helix

86
Q

Replication

A

Helicase splits open the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases. Spare DNA nucleotides bonds the sugar and phipagt backbones of he new strands starting with the 5’ end in the leading strand m. It works continuously on the leading stand, and discontinuous lay on the 3’ strand, leaving Okazaki fragments are put together by Ligase

87
Q

What is the backbone of DNA

A

Sugar phosphates

88
Q

How do you determine the leading and laggin stands

A

5’ of the new strand is leading

89
Q

How would you decide which end of the DNA molecule is the 3’ and 5’ end

A

The 3’ is the bottom of the house 5’ is the top

90
Q

DNA is the what

A

Code of life

91
Q

Deoxyribose means what

A

DNA has one less oxygen than ribose

92
Q

Nucleic acids break down into what

A

Nucleotides

93
Q

RNA is decoded by what

A

Ribosome in the cytoplasm

94
Q

The three nitrogen base sections of mRNA are called

A

Codons

95
Q

DNA can be found where during mitosis

A

Cytoplasm

96
Q

Where is RNA located

A

Cytoplasm

97
Q

Name the phases in order

A 
Interphase 
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
98
Q

Where does a cell spend majority of its time (phase)

A

Interphase

99
Q

Interphase

A

G1: normal growth and normal cell function processes
S: synthesis- DNA replication
G2: cell prepares for mitosis (duplicates all organelles)

100
Q

What form is DNA in interphase

A

Chromatin, relaxed

101
Q

When is the nucleus present

A

Interphase

102
Q

Prophase

A

Chromatin condenses into chromatid, nuclear membrane breaks down, nucleus disappears, spindle appears, centromere connect chromatids, centrioles move to poles

103
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromatids move to equated and form a line

104
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromeres break and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles, spindle shortens and pulls chromatids to cell

105
Q

Telophase

A

A nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes
Spindle disappears, cytokinesis occurs
Chromatids relaxes to chromatin
Two new cells in interphase are formed

106
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

Splitting of the cell (cytoplasm)

107
Q

Curing which phase of the cell are DNA and centrolies of animal cells replicated

A

Synthesis

108
Q

What is the point of mitosis

A

Growth and repair

109
Q

What cell parts reappear during telophase

A

Nucleus and nucleolus

110
Q

Why must cells be small in size

A

To help move materials around

111
Q

When do chromosomes become visible

A

Telophase

112
Q

When are chromosomes located at equated

A

Metaphase

113
Q

Nuclear membrane fades from view

A

Prophase

114
Q

The chromosomes are moving towards the piles of the cell

A

Anaphase

115
Q

Chromosomes are not visible

A

Interphase

116
Q

Reverse of prophase

A

Telophase

117
Q

Chromosomes are replicated

A

Interphase

118
Q

Building blocks of DNA

A

Nucleotides

Block Science (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions