Unit one, Concept Two

Question 1

Objective: List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of three molecules that contain those elements.

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
3 Molecules: H20, CO2, H12O6

Question 2

Objective: List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom ending with an organism.

Answer 2

I: Levels: atom, molecule, cell organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 3

Objective: Describe the three components that make up the structure of the atom, including their charge and specific locations within the atom.

Answer 3

Protons (p+) the nucleus
Neutrons (n0) in the nucleus
Electrons (e-) in the surrounding electron cloud

Question 4

Objective: Explain the difference between periods and groups and what each tells you about the atom.

Answer 4

I: Groups are the columns on the periodic table and it tells us how many valence electrons there are in an atom. Though, a period is the rows on the periodic table and it tells us how many energy levels an atom has.

Question 5

Objective: Explain why elements tend to form bonds in compounds and provide two examples of how they can do that.

Answer 5

They form bonds so they can fill their outermost energy level to become stable.
Ex. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an example because sodium is in group one (so it has one valence electron in the outermost energy level) so it either needs to gain 7 valence electrons or lose 1, so it bonds with Chlorine which is in group 17 with 7 valence electrons in the outermost shell.
Ex. Potassium Fluoride (KF) is an example because Potassium is in group one (so it has one valence electron in the outermost energy level) so it either needs to gain 7 valence electrons or lose 1, so it bonds with Fluorine which is in group 17 with 7 valence electrons in the outermost shell.

Question 6

Objective: Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules.

Answer 6

I: A polar molecule has uneven separation of charges, while nonpolar molecules has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed.

Question 7

Objective: Describe the bonds that form within a water molecule and between different water molecules.

Answer 7

I: The polar water molecule can be attracted to one another. Stronger covalent bonds hold the water molecule together internally while weaker hydrogen bonds hold different water molecules together externally.

Question 8

Objective: Explain the properties of water that make it such a unique molecule.

Answer 8

Cohesion - The attraction between molecules of the same substance,
Adhesion - The type of attraction that happens between two different molecules,
High Specific Heat - The temperature of water does not change easily.
Less Dense as a solid - Solid water (ice) Is less dense than liquid water, it floats in liquid water.

Question 9

Matter

Answer 9

: Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 10

Cell

Answer 10

l: most basic unit of life

Question 11

Atom

Answer 11

Atom: The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element

Question 12

Isotope

Answer 12

2 or more of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 13

Valence Electrons

Answer 13

Valence Electrons: The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

2 or more atoms of other elements that are bonded together

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

2 or more atoms covalently bonded together

Question 16

Cation

Answer 16

a positively charged ion

Question 17

Anion

Answer 17

a negatively charged ion

Question 18

Surface Tension

Answer 18

Surface Tension: The tension of the surface of a liquid due to the attraction of molecules of the same kind

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

Uniform mixture of two or more substances

Question 20

Solute

Answer 20

What gets dissolved

Question 21

Solvent

Answer 21

does the dissolving

Question 22

Hydrophilic

Answer 22

Has an affinity for water, usually dissolves easily in water

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Does not have an affinity for water, does not dissolve easily in water
Water hating