unit 5 concept 1 Flashcards
Gene
Section of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein
Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Homologous chromosomes
The matching chromosomes from your mom and dad
Homozygous
2 of the same alleles
Ex. AA or aa
Heterozygous
2 different alleles
Ex Aa
Dominant
Allele that will always have that trait expressed, if present
Recessive
Allele that will only have the trait expressed when the dominant allele is NOT present
Genotype
The actual alleles inherited for a gene
Phenotype
The physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism
Punnett square
Diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from
parents with certain genes
Monohybrid cross
A cross between two organisms looking at one trait
Dihybrid cross
A cross when looking at the likelihood of inheriting two traits together
Summarize Mendel’s experiments and the three laws of inheritance that make up the foundation of Mendelian genetics.
Mendel used purebred pea plants that he could
intentionally breed to investigate either-or traits to
determine inheritance patterns. His findings led to:
* Law of Dominance: A dominant allele will express itself over a recessive allele.
* Law of Segregation: When chromosomes separate in meiosis, only one from each pair should end up in each gamete.
* Law of Independent Assortment: When chromosomes line up and separate in meiosis, it happens completely randomly (think, they “assort” themselves “independently”).
all cells in your body are _________
diploid and contain two copies of each chromosome
one copy from mom in her egg
one copy from dad in his sperm
Gregor Mendel
Australian monk who used pea plants to learn about genetics.
“Father of Genetics”
