Unit one, Concept Three Flashcards
Objective: List the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
I: Carbohydrates
Monomer: monosaccharides
Polymer:polysaccharides
Lipids
Monomer: fatty acids
Polymer: triglycerides
Proteins
Monomer: amino acids
Polymer: polypeptide
Nucleic acids
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic acids
Monomer and polymer of carbohydrates
I: Carbohydrates
Monomer: monosaccharides
Polymer:polysaccharides
Name of monomer and polymer of Lipids
Lipids
Monomer: fatty acids
Polymer: triglycerides
Name the monomer and polymer of protein
Proteins
Monomer: amino acids
Polymer: polypeptide
Name the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids
Nucleic acids
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic acids
Objective: Explain the process of polymerization - both the forming of polymers, through dehydration, and the breaking of polymers through hydrolysis.
The process of polymerization starts with forming polymers.
Polymers are formed when dehydration reactions occur, which is what builds a polymer by linking monomers.
This is done by removing a water molecule.
Polymers are then broken into monomers by hydrolysis, which is when big polymers are broken into smaller monomers. This occurs by adding water which will break bonds.
Objective: Explain the major functions of carbohydrates
Major Function: Energy Storage (Short Term)
Explain the major function of lipids
Major Function: Energy Storage (Long Term)
Explain the major functions of proteins
Major Function: No “main function” because proteins do so much! They run your body.
Some: structurally make up bones and muscle, transports substances in and out of cell, antibodies help immune system fight diseases, movement
Explain the major functions of Nucleic Acids
Major Function: Informational molecules that store, Transit, and express genetic information, contain the instructions for making proteins that are found in DNA and RNA.
Objective: Provide an example of each type of Macromolecule.
I: Carbohydrates: rice, potatoes, pasta Lipids: olive oil, avocado Proteins: chicken, eggs Nucleic acids: RNA and DNA
Objective: Compare the relative energy storage of the macromolecules.
Lipid : 9 calories per gram
Carbohydrates: 4 calories per gram
Proteins: 4 calories per gram
Nucleic Acids: 0 calories per gra
Objective: List the order in which the body will consume carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins for energy, and explain why. Based on this information, include what diet and exercise plan would be the best for someone trying to lose weight in a healthy way.
The body breaks down carbohydrates first because the body can access and break it down easily. When your body runs out of easy-to-access carbs, it will break down lipids next for energy. Proteins already do so much for the body that they are usually the last resort energy is needed.
Nucleic acids: NEVER broken down as energy source
The best diet and exercise plan for someone trying to lost weight would be to eat equal amounts of carbs, lipids, and proteins but reduce your calorie intake to 1500 cals/day and exercise 30 minutes per day. A key idea for this would to not store up in carbs, but Instead, make sure you are eating lipids that will give you longer-lasting energy.
Objective: Sketch a picture of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane and explain why its structure gives the membrane a unique quality.
Phospholipids = 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate
Hydrophilic head = phosphate group
Hydrophobic tail = fatty acids
Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule.
I: Because it has the most functions and structure. Functions: Enzyme biological catalyst that controls the rates of biochemical reactions, hormones that regulate cell processes, structurally make up bones and muscle, transports substances in and out of cell, antibodies help immune system fight diseases, movement, receptors aid in cell signaling, and finally energy source in Food we eat.
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