Unit 2 - Concept 1 ORGANELLES Flashcards
What is Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic-
* Nucleus
* Membrane-bound organelles
* Uni- or multicellular
* Divide by mitosis
* Ex. Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
Prokaryotic-
* No nucleus
* No membrane-bound organelles
* Unicellular
* Divide by binary fission
* Ex. Bacteria
- Cell
membrane - Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic
material
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Critical for communication and maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis)
Cell (plasma) membrane
Give the call shape
Can move organelles around
Provides structural support for animal cells (who don’t have a cell wall)
Cytoskeleton
Hold everything In place
Provides a solution for chemical reactions to take place in
Cytoplasm
Protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell
Nucleus
Makes rRNA which makes up ribosomes
nucleolus
Make proteins in a process called translation
These proteins are used to export out of the cell and use within the cell
ribosomes
Makes proteins
Packages them for secretion, send in vesicles to Golgi
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
Makes lipids (membrane)
Store Ca+2 (calcium)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
Gets Vesicles of protein from the ER
WHAT ARE VESICLES?
Processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed.
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles: like mini-carts that transport proteins around the cell
Break down dead stuff (foot, bacteria, old parts of cell, etc.)
Can be programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Lysosomes
Storage (water, nutrients, waste, etc.)
Vacuoles
Appear during cell division
Help cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart
Centrioles
Move fluid across cell’s surface
Cilia
Move entire cell through extracellular fluid
Flagella
