study guide - unit two concept 1

Question 1

Unicellular

Answer 1

• Composed of one cell

Question 2

Multicellular

Answer 2

Composed of many cells that may organize into tissues 🡪 organs 🡪 organ systems

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Specialized structure within the cell that works with other organelles to help the cell function

Question 4

List the three principles of cell theory.

Answer 4

• All living things are made of cells.
• Cells are the most basic unit of life.
• All cells come from other cells.

Question 5

Know venn diagram of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

look on her slides to check

Question 6

List the structures that distinguish plant cells from
animal cells.

Answer 6

• Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles, and
  chloroplasts.
• Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella.

Question 7

Describe the function of the following organelles: (study that brainscape)

Answer 7

• Cell (plasma) membrane: controls what goes in and out
• Cytoskeleton: gives the cell shape and structural support
  for animal cells
• Cytoplasm: holds everything in place
• Nucleus: protects the DNA
• Nucleolus: makes rRNA
• Ribosomes: make proteins
• Rough ER: makes proteins
• Smooth ER: makes lipids
• Vesicle: transports proteins around the cell
• Golgi apparatus: processes, sorts, and ships proteins
  where needed
• Lysosome: breaks down dead materials and does
  programmed cell death
• Vacuole: storage
• Centrioles (centrosome): help divide chromosomes
• Cilia: move fluid across the cell’s surface
• Flagella: move entire cell
• Mitochondria: where cellular respiration occurs
• Chloroplast: where photosynthesis occurs
• Cell wall: protects and maintains shape of plant cells

Question 8

Describe the role of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the structure of the phospholipid bilayer. Include how its structure dictates its function.

Answer 8

Phospholipids make up the bilayer.
The arrangement of their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails gives the membrane its selective permeability.
Carbohydrates give the membrane structure and proteins are embedded to aid with transport.

Question 9

Defend the claim that ribosomes are the most essential organelle in the cell. In your reasoning include evidence of at least 3 organelles that support the ribosome in
accomplishing its function.

Answer 9

• Ribosomes make proteins, and proteins run nearly everything!
• The nucleus protects DNA, which contains the instructions for
  making proteins.
• The Golgi apparatus packages and sorts the proteins to be
  shipped out where needed.
• The vesicles move the proteins around the cell.