U6 C2

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

Group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and
produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 2

Adaptive radiation

Answer 2

A type of divergent evolution occurring on a small scale
over a shorter period of time

Question 3

Differentiate between speciation and extinction.

Answer 3

Speciation is the forming of a new species while
extinction is the elimination of an existing species.

Question 4

Explain why isolation would be necessary for
speciation to occur.

Answer 4

• There has to be some sort of barrier that prevents a
  subset of a population from reproducing with the rest of
  the population so that over time, continual reinforcement of
  only reproducing with each other leads to favoring traits in
  a small gene pool.

Question 5

Differentiate between gradual and mass extinction.

Answer 5

• Gradual extinction happens slowly over time, wheres mass
  extinction happens suddenly.

Question 6

Differentiate between gradualism and punctuated
equilibrium.

Answer 6

• Gradualism is slow incremental changes over long periods of
  time, whereas punctuated equilibrium is quick bursts of drastic change, followed by periods of genetic stability.

Question 7

Divergent Evolution with example

Answer 7

• Divergent evolution occurs when related species branch off
  from each other, due to living in different environments.
• Ex. Bears and monkeys evolving from an ancestral mammal species

Question 8

Convergent Evolution with example

Answer 8

• Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve
  similar characteristics due to living in similar environments.
• Ex. Bats and bumble bees both have wings because they fly.

Question 9

Explain the significance of coevolution.

Answer 9

• Coevolution occurs when two populations of organisms
  form a specialized relationship that is so close, they evolve
  in response to each other.

This is significant because it
can lead to the evolution of really extreme traits, like the
poisonous newt.