Unit 6 Flashcards
Evolution
the process of biological change in populations over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors
Microevolution
Evolution can occur on a small scale affecting a single population
Macroevolution
Evolution on a large scale affecting changes in species across populations
Natural selection
organisms with the best traits will live longer and reproduce more than others causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable
Fitness
A measure of how well you can survive in your environment
Four Principles of Natural Selection Explain them
Overproduction of offspring, Variation, Adaptation, Descent with modification,
There is an overproduction of offspring that leads to more organisms than resources, and thus creates competition.
Within any population there will be variation.
Some innate variations will allow organisms to better survive than others (adaptations).
Over time, those traits should become more common because organisms with those traits will live longer and reproduce more, creating descendants with modifications from their ancestors.
Individuals do not evolve, ___ do
Populations
three modes of selection (know drawing)
Directional: A process in a population that favors one of the extremes over the average and other extreme
Disruptive: A process in a population that favors the 2 extremes
Stabilizing: A process in a population that favors the average
allele frequency
number of times the allele appears in a population
Adaptation
A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its
environment
Gene Pool
The combined alleles of all individuals in a population
Genetic drift
Mechanism of evolution that occurs when random change
in the allele frequency happens in the population`
Gene Flow
Mechanism of evolution caused by the movement of genes
into or out of a population
Sexual Selection
Mechanism of evolution that favors traits that potentially
decrease survival, but increase likelihood of reproduction
Genetic equilibrium
When there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a
population over time, and thus evolution is not occurring
Explain how diversity within a species has resulted in an increase in fitness (survival of the fittest).
The more diverse a species is the less likely the entire
species can be eliminated by a sudden event.
List the conditions that must be met for evolution to not occur.
No mutations
No natural selection
LARGE population
No migration
Random mating
Speciation
forming of a new species by Evolution from a pre-existing species
Species
group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring
Extinction
elimination of a species
Differentiate between speciation and extinction.
Speciation is the forming of a new species while
extinction is the elimination of an existing species.
Gradual Extinction
occurs at a slow rate
mass extinction
occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly
Gradualism
slow, constant changes over a long period of time
puncture equilibrium
births of change followed by periods of stability
divergent evolution
Divergent evolution occurs when related species branch off
from each other, due to living in different environments.
adaptive radiation
a type of diversion Evolution which occurs on a small scale over a shorter period of time
convergent evolution
Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar characteristics due to living in similar environments.
Coevolution
occurs when two populations of an organism form a specialized relationship and thus changes in response to each other
USE U6 C3 and C4 SG
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