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Honors Biology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution

A

the process of biological change in populations over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors

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2
Q

Microevolution

A

Evolution can occur on a small scale affecting a single population

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3
Q

Macroevolution

A

Evolution on a large scale affecting changes in species across populations

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4
Q

Natural selection

A

organisms with the best traits will live longer and reproduce more than others causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable

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5
Q

Fitness

A

A measure of how well you can survive in your environment

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6
Q

Four Principles of Natural Selection Explain them

A

Overproduction of offspring, Variation, Adaptation, Descent with modification,

There is an overproduction of offspring that leads to more organisms than resources, and thus creates competition.

Within any population there will be variation.

Some innate variations will allow organisms to better survive than others (adaptations).

Over time, those traits should become more common because organisms with those traits will live longer and reproduce more, creating descendants with modifications from their ancestors.

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7
Q

Individuals do not evolve, ___ do

A

Populations

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8
Q

three modes of selection (know drawing)

A

Directional: A process in a population that favors one of the extremes over the average and other extreme

Disruptive: A process in a population that favors the 2 extremes

Stabilizing: A process in a population that favors the average

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9
Q

allele frequency

A

number of times the allele appears in a population

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10
Q

Adaptation

A

A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its
environment

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11
Q

Gene Pool

A

The combined alleles of all individuals in a population

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12
Q

Genetic drift

A

Mechanism of evolution that occurs when random change
in the allele frequency happens in the population`

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13
Q

Gene Flow

A

Mechanism of evolution caused by the movement of genes
into or out of a population

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14
Q

Sexual Selection

A

Mechanism of evolution that favors traits that potentially
decrease survival, but increase likelihood of reproduction

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15
Q

Genetic equilibrium

A

When there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a
population over time, and thus evolution is not occurring

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16
Q

Explain how diversity within a species has resulted in an increase in fitness (survival of the fittest).

A

The more diverse a species is the less likely the entire
species can be eliminated by a sudden event.

17
Q

List the conditions that must be met for evolution to not occur.

A

No mutations
No natural selection
LARGE population
No migration
Random mating

18
Q

Speciation

A

forming of a new species by Evolution from a pre-existing species

19
Q

Species

A

group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring

20
Q

Extinction

A

elimination of a species

21
Q

Differentiate between speciation and extinction.

A

Speciation is the forming of a new species while
extinction is the elimination of an existing species.

22
Q

Gradual Extinction

A

occurs at a slow rate

23
Q

mass extinction

A

occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly

24
Q

Gradualism

A

slow, constant changes over a long period of time

25
Q

puncture equilibrium

A

births of change followed by periods of stability

26
Q

divergent evolution

A

Divergent evolution occurs when related species branch off
from each other, due to living in different environments.

27
Q

adaptive radiation

A

a type of diversion Evolution which occurs on a small scale over a shorter period of time

28
Q

convergent evolution

A

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar characteristics due to living in similar environments.

29
Q

Coevolution

A

occurs when two populations of an organism form a specialized relationship and thus changes in response to each other

30
Q

USE U6 C3 and C4 SG

A

yay

Honors Biology (29 decks)

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