U6 C4 Flashcards
1
Q
Taxonomy
A
- Field of biology that classifies organisms
2
Q
Binomial nomenclature
A
2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names
organisms after their Genus species
3
Q
Phylogeny
A
Evolutionary history of a species
4
Q
Endosymbiosis
A
When one prokaryote ended up inside another and both
organisms thrived
5
Q
Phylogenetic tree
A
A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among
groups of organisms
6
Q
Maximum parsimony
A
Use the simplest explanation for creating the tree
7
Q
All life is divided into 3 domains:
A
- Domains =
Eubacteria: prokaryotes; “true” bacteria
Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
Eukarya: eukaryotes
8
Q
Summarize the endosymbiotic theory.
A
- At one point over 2 BYA, one prokaryote ended up inside
of another (either through phagocytosis or in a
host/parasite relationship). - The two ended up coevolving to the point that over time, it
led to the speciation of the 1st eukaryotes.
9
Q
Explain how taxonomy and phylogeny are similar
yet unique fields of study.
A
- Both involve organizing organisms into groups based on
shared characteristics. - Phylogeny, however, specifically deals with evolutionary
history and the evolutionary relatedness of the groups of
organisms.
10
Q
Explain what phylogenetic trees show and what
evidence is used to construct them.
A
- Phylogenetic trees are visual representations of predicted
evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. - Shared morphology, genes, and behaviors are used to
piece together evolutionary history.
11
Q
List at least two things we can learn from a
phylogenetic tree and two things we cannot learn
from them.
A
- We can learn which groups are most closely related and
which are least closely related. - We cannot learn who is greater or worse than the other, or
who came from one another.
