Concept 5

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

• The overall process by which glucose is chemically
  converted into usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Question 2

Inner membrane

Answer 2

The folded membrane within the mitochondria.

Question 3

Matrix

Answer 3

The fluid that fills the mitochondria.

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

With Oxygen (O2 Present)

Question 5

Anaerobic

Answer 5

Without oxygen (O2 absent)

Question 6

Fermentation

Answer 6

Anaerobic respiration

Question 7

Summarize the overall goal of cellular respiration and why the process is necessary for consumers, like us.

Answer 7

The goal is to convert chemical energy stored in the foods we eat into a usable form that our cells can directly use, called ATP.

This is necessary because we are unable to capture sunlight and make food ourselves, and we cannot use glucose directly for energy

Question 8

Write and interpret the chemical formula for cellular respiration. Label the reactants and products.

Answer 8

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
1 glucose and 6 oxygen molecules react to produce 6 carbon dioxides, 6 water molecules, and a lot of energy in the form of ATP.

Question 9

Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Include the difference in overall ATP production.

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and
produces a lot more ATP (up to 36-38!)

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces a lot less ATP (2-4).

Question 10

Describe the significant events of glycolysis. Include which reactants and products (if any) are involved. Highlight what will be released as a product and what will move on to the next stage. Be sure to include where the process occurs in the cell.

Answer 10

• Glucose is split in half.
• Glucose is used.
• 2 pyruvates are made and will move on to the next step.
• 2 ATP and 2 NADH are also made.
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
  *After glycolysis, the cell must decide if it should undergo aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

Question 11

Describe the significant events of the Krebs Cycle. Include which reactants and products are involved. Highlight what will be released as a product and what will move on to the next stage. Be sure to include where the process occurs in the mitochondria.

Answer 11

• 2 pyruvates from glycolysis are used and are converted to acetyl-CoA
• Carbon dioxide is released as waste.
• 2 ATP, some NADH, and FADH2
  are made by NAD+ and FAD by acting as electron carriers.
• Electrons and hydrogens will move on to the next stage.
• Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 12

Describe the significant events of the Electron
Transport Chain. Include which reactants and
products are involved. Highlight what will be
released as a product. Be sure to include where the process occurs in the mitochondria.

Answer 12

• Electrons and hydrogens are used to charge up with the help of the enzyme ATP synthase ATP.
• Oxygen is used.
• Final electron acceptor after electron has gone down the ETC is oxygen.
• This oxygen combines with electron and hydrogens to make water
• Makes 34 ATP and water.
• Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Question 13

Describe the two types of anaerobic respiration. Include what is used, what is made, and examples of organisms that do each process.

Answer 13

• Lactic Acid Fermentation: - Uses pyruvate from glycolysis which is converted to lactic acid and 2 ATP
• Done by some bacteria and animal cells

-Alcohol Fermentation: Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP
- Done by yeast when O2 is not available.

Question 14

X

Answer 14

X