Concept 4 Flashcards
Photosynthesis
The overall process by which sunlight, water and carbon dioxide are chemically converted into chemical energy stored in glucose.
-water is absorbed through the roots and
-CO2 is absorbed through the stomata
Grana
Stacks of thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast
Stroma
The fluid part of the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
The pigment in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts that allows plants to capture sunlight.
Photosystems
Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that trap energy from the sun.
Electron carriers
- Molecules that carry electrons in order to pass on their energy.
Chemosynthesis
The process some producers use to make food from chemicals.
Stomata
The pores on the underside of a leaf where CO2enters, O2and excess water exit.
Photorespiration
When CO2 levels drop and O2 increases, causing oxygen to be added to the Calvin Cycle rather than carbon dioxide, resulting in no sugar made
Summarize where all energy on Earth comes from and the overall process it goes through to be in a usable form of ATP for consumers like us
- For most life on earth, the ultimate source of energy is the sun.
- Consumers cannot capture sunlight, but plants can since they have chlorophyll.
- Plants use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy in glucose.
- Consumers eat glucose and other macromolecules. Cellular respiration breaks down the glucose to store the energy in a usable form, called ATP.
Write and interpret the chemical formula for
photosynthesis. Label the reactants and products.
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
* 6 carbon dioxides react with 6 waters to make (with sunlight) 1 glucose and 6 oxygen molecules.
Explain why plants are green.
Plants have chloroplasts in their cells filled with chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs every color of sunlight except for green, and thus reflects it.
List the significant events of the light-dependent reaction (ETC). Include which reactants and
products are involved. Highlight what will be
released as a product and what will move on to the second stage. Be sure to include where the
process occurs in the chloroplast.
- Light energy from the sun is captured and stored in ATP and NADPH.
*Light energy excites the electrons which leads it to move down the ETC - Water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Oxygen is released as waste.
*At the end, they combine with the “final electron acceptors/carriers” of NADP+ and ADP, making NADPH and ATP
*Hydrogen ions move down the gradient to make ATP and get pumped through ATP Synthase to make ATP.
*NADP+ grabs/carries 2 electrons and a H+ to make NADPH - ATP, NADPH, and H+ move on to next stage.
- Occurs in the grana/thylakoid membrane.
List the significant events of the light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle). Include which reactants and products are involved. Highlight what will be
released as a product and what will move on to continue the cycle. Be sure to include where the process occurs in the chloroplast.
Energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to make
glucose.
Grab, Split, Leave, Switch
Explain the alternate pathways some plants, like cacti and corn, will take to access energy.
Cacti and pineapples will do CAM, where they open their stomata at night and close them during the day to retain water.
Corn and sugar cane will do C4
Where they partially close their stomata during the hottest part of the day to retain water.
