Unit 9 notes 2 and 3 Flashcards
Define species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Define population
A group of individuals of the same species that living in the same area
Define evolution
A change in a population of organisms over time (frequency of alleles)
What is Charles Darwin famous for?
His theory of evolution by natural selection
Where did Charles Darwin conduct many of his studies?
The Galapagos islands
Define specimens
A dead organism used to gather information and preform research
What did Jean Bapist Lamarck believe?
That organisms could change during their lifetimes to fill full their desire to be perfect, then pass these perfect traits onto their offspring
What did Darwin find about the organisms on the galapagos islands?
that the organisms were similar to organisms in other parts of the world and to each other but had unique adaptations
define adaptation
A structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment
define Minicry
Adaptation where one species looks like another
define camouflage
Aaptation that allows an organism to blend in to its surroundings
What was different about the 13 different types of finches on the galapagos islands?
their beak size and shape changed according to the food sources that were available
define natural selection
organisms with favorable variation survives and passes on that variation to next generation
define artificial selection
breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with those same traits
Define fitness
How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
How does natural selection work?
- A population of organisms has variations
- Some variations are favorable
- More offspring are born than survive
- Those that surviv have favorable traits, they pass those traits on to their offspring
- Population changes over time
