unit 7 notes 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Meiosis

A

A type of cell division where 1 body cell divides to make 4 gametes (sex cells)

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2
Q

What are the 2 stages of Meiosis?

A

Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2

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3
Q

Define sex cells

A

Egg and Sperm cells

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4
Q

where egg cells made?

A

in the ovaries of a female

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5
Q

where are Sperm cells made?

A

in the testes of a male

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6
Q

What are the reproductive organs?

A

ovaries and testes

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7
Q

Define diploid cells?

A

Body cells
- they have 2 of each type of chromosome

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8
Q

How many chromosomes are diploid cells in humans?

A

46

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9
Q

Define haploid cells?

A

Sex cells
- They have one of each type of chromosomes

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10
Q

Why do gametes have 1/2 the number of chromosomes?

A

An egg and Sperm cell will combine to from a zygote. The zygote needs to have the diploid number of chromosomes

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11
Q

Define zygote

A

Fertilized egg cells

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12
Q

Define homologous chromosomes

A

pair of chromosomes (1 from mom and 1 from dad)
- each pair will have the same type of genes
- diploid cells have homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Define karyotype

A

shows 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

How many times must Meiosis happen?

A

twice

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15
Q

What are the phases of meiosis?

A

prophase 1, metaphase1, anaphase 1, telophase1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2

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16
Q

What happens during interphase of meiosis?

A

Chromosomes duplicate and become visible

17
Q

What happens during prophase 1 of meiosis?

A

homologous chromosomes pair up
- they from tetrad
- the process of crossing over

18
Q

Define tetrad

A

2 homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids)

19
Q

define crossing over

A

the process where homologous chromosomes break apart and exchange genes

20
Q

Why is crossing over an important process?

A

Allows to get genes from both mom and dad
- allows for genetic variation

21
Q

What is produced at the end of meiosis?

A

4 haploid gametes
- each gamete will have different genetic material

22
Q

Define oogenesis

A

the creation of an egg cell and 3 polar bodies

23
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

the creation of 4 sperm cells

24
Q

What are polar bodies?

A

small cells, only the size of the nucleus

25
Q

What is the different between making egg cells and Sperm cells?

A

eggs cells - oogenesis
sperm cells - Spermagtogenesis