unit 5 mid term

Question 1

What is the main energy source for most living things?

Answer 1

The sun

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

What does ATP do?

Answer 3

Carries energy for your body

Question 4

What is ATP made of?

Answer 4

1 adenine, 1 ribose sugar, and 3 phospates

Question 5

Where is energy in ATP stored?

Answer 5

bonds, mostly between the second and third phosphate

Question 6

ADP

Answer 6

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 7

How is ADP formed?

Answer 7

ATP losses a phosphate group

Question 8

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 8

bonds between the second and thrid phosphate is broken and energy is released

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

chemical reactions where molecules are broken down

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

chemical reactions where molecules are built

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

the sum of all the chemical reactions in your body

Question 12

Exergonic

Answer 12

reactions that release energy

Question 13

Endergonic

Answer 13

reactions that require energy

Question 14

phosphorylation

Answer 14

adding a phosphate group

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

breaking down a molecule by adding water

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

organelles in plant cells that change energy from the sun into chemical energy

Question 17

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

A green pigment in plants that helps a plant gather the sun’s energy

Question 18

Thylakoids

Answer 18

Small sacs stacked on top of each other stores chorophyll

Question 19

Gramun

Answer 19

stack of thylakoids

Question 20

stroma

Answer 20

fluid that fills the chloroplast

Question 21

photosynthesis formula

Answer 21

6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 22

stoma

Answer 22

opening on the underside of leaves that gas exchanges to happen

Question 23

Where do light reactions occur?

Answer 23

In the thylakoids

Question 24

What comes out of a light reaction?

Answer 24

oxygen

Question 25

What goes into a light reaction?

Answer 25

water

Question 26

What is ADP+P converted into during a light reaction?

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

What is NADP+ converted into during a light reaction

Answer 27

NADPH

Question 28

What is NADPH?

Answer 28

a coenzyme that carries electrons

Question 29

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur

Answer 29

in the stroma

Question 30

What goes into the calvin Cycle?

Answer 30

Carbon dioxide

Question 31

What comes out of the calvin cycle?

Answer 31

sugar

Question 32

What is ATP converted into during the calvin cycle?

Answer 32

ADP+P

Question 33

What is NADPH converted into during the calvin cycle?

Answer 33

NADP+

Question 34

We express energy stored in food in what?

Answer 34

calories

Question 35

What is the most calorie dense macromolecule?

Answer 35

fats

Question 36

cellular respiration

Answer 36

the process where an organism uses oxygen and food to make energy

Question 37

Where does ATP synthesis take place

Answer 37

the mitochondria

Question 38

cellular respiration chemical formula

Answer 38

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --->CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 39

Fermentation

Answer 39

a process that occurs when an organism does have enough oxygen but still needs to make ATP

Question 40

How many ATP does fermentation make

Answer 40

2

Question 41

What are the byproducts of fermentation

Answer 41

lactic acid, and alcohol during alcoholic fermentation

Question 42

Aerobic

Answer 42

needs oxygen

Question 43

Anaerobic

Answer 43

doesn't need oxygen

Question 44

What are the steps of cellular respiration

Answer 44

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport chain

Question 45

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 45

cytoplasm of the cell

Question 46

What happen during Glycolysis?

Answer 46

Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 47

what energy carrying molecules are produced during glycolysis?

Answer 47

ATP and NADH

Question 48

how many ATP are produced during glycolysis?

Answer 48

2

Question 49

Where does the kerbs cycle occur?

Answer 49

in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 50

what goes into the kerbs cycle?

Answer 50

pyruvate ( now Acetyl GoA)

Question 51

what comes out of the kerbs cycle?

Answer 51

carbon dioxide

Question 52

what energy carrying molecules are produced during the kerbs cycle?

Answer 52

ATP, NADH and FADH2

Question 53

how many ATP are produced during the kerbs cycle?

Answer 53

2

Question 54

where does the Electron transport chain take place?

Answer 54

along the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 55

What powers the ETC?

Answer 55

NADH and FADH2 that were produced earlier

Question 56

What goes into the ETC?

Answer 56

oxygen

Question 57

What comes out of the ETC?

Answer 57

water

Question 58

How many ATP are produced during the Electron transport chain

Answer 58

34

Question 59

how many ATP are produced during cellular respiration?

Answer 59

38

Question 60

How does the ETC work?

Answer 60

1. NADH and FADH2 power protein pumps on the membrane 2. Protein pumps pump protons (H+) into the inner membrane space, make a concentration gradient 3. electorns flow through the pump and attach to O2 making H2O 4. Chemiosmosis

Question 61

Chemisomosis

Answer 61

protons want to move back into the matrix, but they can only flow through ATP synthesis, ATP synthesis harnesses their energy and make ATP.

Question 62

What is Fermentation

Answer 62

the process of converting pyruvate into latic acid or alcohol ( repeats glycolysis over and over to make ATP) - converts NADPH back into NAD+ - produces 2 ATP