Macromolecules and enzymes (unit 2 test) Flashcards

1
Q

Organic molecule

A

molecules made of many carbon atoms

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2
Q

Marcomolecule

A

large molecule in living things

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3
Q

Name the 4 macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nuclcic acids

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4
Q

polymers

A

large molecules made of many smaller parts

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5
Q

monomers

A

small parts that make a polymer

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6
Q

carbohydrate

A

made out of C,H,O ratio 1:2:1

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7
Q

saccharide

A

sugar

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8
Q

monosaccharide

A

one suger

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9
Q

disaccharide

A

two sugars

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10
Q

polysaccharide

A

many sugars

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11
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

building a polymer by removing water

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12
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down a polymer by adding water

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13
Q

carbohydrates function

A

main source of/quick energy, provide structure to plants

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14
Q

lipid

A

made of C,H,O ratio 1:2:<1

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15
Q

saturated fats

A

fatty acid tails filled with hydrogens (straight and solid at room temp)

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16
Q

unstaturated fats

A

fatty acid tail with some missing hydrogens (bent)

17
Q

proteins

A

made of C,H,O,N

18
Q

Amino acids

A

building blocks of protein (monomer)

19
Q

peptide bond

A

2 amino acids bonded together

20
Q

polypeptide

A

long chain of amino acids bonded together

21
Q

Nuclecic acids

A

made up of C,H,O,N,P

22
Q

nucleotide

A

monomer of nuclecic acids

23
Q

lipid function

A

store energy / provide insulation
(fats, waxes, oil, and steroids)

24
Q

triglyceride

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains (monomer of lipids)

25
protein function
contorl rate of chemical reactions, cell function, and fight diseases
26
Nuclecic acid function
store genetic info
27
chemical reaction
a process that changes one set of chemicals into another
28
reactent
what goes into or enters the reaction
29
product
what is the produced by the reaction
30
enzymes
proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction (specific shape/specific functions)
31
substrate
molecule that will bond to an enzyme
32
active site
the area on an enzyme where substrate bonds
33
step 1 of enzyme bonding
enzyme and substrate have to be close together
34
step 2 of enzyme bonding
substrate is going to bond with the enzyme at the active site
35
step 3 of enzyme bonding
when the substrate becomes the product, also called catalysis
36
step 4 of enzyme bonding
Enzymes lets go of the product, enzymes are not consumed
37
Things that interfer with enzymes
change in temp pH level activator - make faster inhibitor - prevents from working
38
Denature
Enzyme changing its shape