Unit 9 Modules 7.6 Flashcards
Rapid advances in the creation of steel, chemicals and electricity helped fuel production, including mass-produced consumer goods and weapons. It became far easier to get around on trains, automobiles (with assembly lines) and bicycles. At the same time, ideas and news spread via newspapers, the radio and telegraph
“Second Industrial Revolution”
An approach to labor relations in which companies met some of their workers’ needs without prompting by unions, this prevented strikes and kept productivity high. Significance: Some employers adopted generous policies toward their employees. Characterized by a concern for the welfare of various social groupings (as workers) expressed usually through social-security programs, collective-bargaining agreements, state industrial codes, and other guarantees against insecurity. This was used to encourage loyalty to the firm and to convince employees that capitalism could work in their interests. Secretary of Interior Albert Fall allowed oil tycoons access to government oil reserves in exchange for $400,000 in bribes.
Welfare Capitalism
A business that employs workers without regard to union membership. In the 1920s this employed an ill‑disguised attempt to get rid of bona fide unions. States with “Right to Work” laws have decreed the open shop. meant that the workers were not required to be part of a union. This received endorsement from the National Manufacturers Association of 1920 and became a strong movement for the rights to unionize in the United States. This require neither membership nor dues payment. Employees in this who benefit from the gains that unions achieve through collective bargaining, without sharing the expenses, are sometimes called “free riders
Open Shop
provided his autoworkers over twenty-two years old “a share in the profits of the house” equal to a minimum wage of $5 a day, and he cut the workday from nine hours to eight. He used the assembly line to save enormous time and energy by emphasizing repetition, accuracy, and standardization. This streamlined production lowered costs, which, in turn, allowed Ford to lower prices. In 1929 he and his competitors at General Motors, Chevrolet, and Oldsmobile employed nearly 4 million workers, and around one in eight American workers toiled in factories connected to automobile production.
Henry Ford
First used in the automobile industry before World War I, this moved the product to a worker who performed a specific task before sending it along to the next worker. This deceptively simple system, perfected by Henry Ford, saved enormous time and energy by emphasizing repetition, accuracy, and standardization.
Assembly Line
automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. Conceived by Henry Ford as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance.
Model T
a period in American history of dramatic social, economic and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and gross national product (GNP) expanded by 40 percent from 1922 to 1929. America seemed to break its wistful attachments to the recent past and usher in a more modern era after WW1
“Roaring Twenties”
was the first “Talking” picture, first film with sound, known as a “talkie”; changed the motion picture industry; starred Al Jolson. American musical film, released in 1927, was the first feature-length movie with synchronized dialogue. It marked the ascendancy of “talkies” and the end of the silent-film era.
The Jazz Singer
American professional baseball player. Largely because of his home-run hitting between 1919 and 1935, Ruth became, and perhaps remains to this day, America’s most celebrated athlete
“Babe” Ruth
American aviator, one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York City to Paris.
Charles Lindbergh
American Prohibition-era gangster, who dominated organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1931 and became perhaps the most famous gangster in the United States. The most notorious mobster, who controlled the alcohol trade in Chicago with extreme violence. He became successful as Organized crime emerged in America as the mafia took control of the illegal alcohol trade when prohibition, 18th Amendment, took place.
Al Capone
young, unmarried women who embraced their independence and sexuality, and popularized new women’s fashions like short hemlines, “bobbed” hair, and wearing hats. They wore short skirts, used ample makeup (formerly associated with prostitutes), smoked cigarettes in public, drank illegal alcoholic beverages, and gyrated to jazz tunes on the dance floor.
Flapper
blend of African and European musical traditions into a new distinctly “American” music genre and became a major component in the American identity. Example: Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington
Jazz
1918 amendment to the Constitution banning the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. It was repealed in 1933 with the Twenty-First Amendment
18th Amendment
what the 18th amendment was about, which banned alcohol production and consumption. Later the 21st Amendment repealed this.
Prohibition
Used to prosecute those who violated the 18th amendment. These were laws that prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sales of beverages with more than 0.5% alcohol. The US Treasury Department was incharge of this.
Volstead Act
Urban Americans, who were usually immigrants, were drinking is a cultural norm for them, who wanted to drink in illegal bars and resisted prohibition.
“Speakeasy”
1933 amendment repealing prohibition and the Eighteenth Amendment.
21st Amendment
This made Immigration restricted to a yearly quota of 3% of the people of their nationality already living in the U.S. in 1910. This was also In response to nativism, Congress passed new immigration restrictions in 1921 and 1924
Emergency Quota Act 1921
a silent film directed by D.W. Griffith about the American Civil War (1861–65) and the Reconstruction era that followed, it has long been hailed for its technical and dramatic innovations but condemned for the racism inherent in the script and its positive portrayal of the KKK
The Birth of a Nation
This Cut the quota of the previous Act to 2%, shifted the date for the base number to 1890 and closed the door to Japanese immigration .
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act
Case in response to the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act and the Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906 allowed white persons and persons of African descent to naturalize. Someone filed for United States citizenship, and he attempted to have Japanese people classified as “white”. Court found that only Caucasians were white, and therefore the Japanese, by not being Caucasian, were not white and instead were members of an “unassimilable race”
Ozawa v. U.S.
The newer version of this (reformed on Stone Mountain in 1915) was extremely anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant The 1920s also saw an increase in membership for this, and they promoted “traditional values” and what they termed “100% Americanism”. They used violence and fear to attack Blacks, immigrants, Catholics, Jews, unions, and Socialists and by 1924, they had 4.5 million members and elected politicians into power in several states.
Ku Klux Klan
When a teacher was arrested in Dayton, Tennessee for teaching evolution in his biology class. In this, ACLU attorney Clarence Darrow defended Scopes; Represented urban America, science and modernity, and William Jennings Bryan served as prosecutor; Represented Christianity and rural values. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, however Evolutionists believed they won because Darrow got Bryan to admit that the world might not have been made in six 24 hour days
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
