Unit 9 Modules 7.6

Question 1

Rapid advances in the creation of steel, chemicals and electricity helped fuel production, including mass-produced consumer goods and weapons. It became far easier to get around on trains, automobiles (with assembly lines) and bicycles. At the same time, ideas and news spread via newspapers, the radio and telegraph

Answer 1

“Second Industrial Revolution”

Question 2

An approach to labor relations in which companies met some of their workers’ needs without prompting by unions, this prevented strikes and kept productivity high. Significance: Some employers adopted generous policies toward their employees. Characterized by a concern for the welfare of various social groupings (as workers) expressed usually through social-security programs, collective-bargaining agreements, state industrial codes, and other guarantees against insecurity. This was used to encourage loyalty to the firm and to convince employees that capitalism could work in their interests. Secretary of Interior Albert Fall allowed oil tycoons access to government oil reserves in exchange for $400,000 in bribes.

Answer 2

Welfare Capitalism

Question 3

A business that employs workers without regard to union membership. In the 1920s this employed an ill‑disguised attempt to get rid of bona fide unions. States with “Right to Work” laws have decreed the open shop. meant that the workers were not required to be part of a union. This received endorsement from the National Manufacturers Association of 1920 and became a strong movement for the rights to unionize in the United States. This require neither membership nor dues payment. Employees in this who benefit from the gains that unions achieve through collective bargaining, without sharing the expenses, are sometimes called “free riders

Answer 3

Open Shop

Question 4

provided his autoworkers over twenty-two years old “a share in the profits of the house” equal to a minimum wage of $5 a day, and he cut the workday from nine hours to eight. He used the assembly line to save enormous time and energy by emphasizing repetition, accuracy, and standardization. This streamlined production lowered costs, which, in turn, allowed Ford to lower prices. In 1929 he and his competitors at General Motors, Chevrolet, and Oldsmobile employed nearly 4 million workers, and around one in eight American workers toiled in factories connected to automobile production.

Answer 4

Henry Ford

Question 5

First used in the automobile industry before World War I, this moved the product to a worker who performed a specific task before sending it along to the next worker. This deceptively simple system, perfected by Henry Ford, saved enormous time and energy by emphasizing repetition, accuracy, and standardization.

Answer 5

Assembly Line

Question 6

automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. Conceived by Henry Ford as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance.

Answer 6

Model T

Question 7

a period in American history of dramatic social, economic and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and gross national product (GNP) expanded by 40 percent from 1922 to 1929. America seemed to break its wistful attachments to the recent past and usher in a more modern era after WW1

Answer 7

“Roaring Twenties”

Question 8

was the first “Talking” picture, first film with sound, known as a “talkie”; changed the motion picture industry; starred Al Jolson. American musical film, released in 1927, was the first feature-length movie with synchronized dialogue. It marked the ascendancy of “talkies” and the end of the silent-film era.

Answer 8

The Jazz Singer

Question 9

American professional baseball player. Largely because of his home-run hitting between 1919 and 1935, Ruth became, and perhaps remains to this day, America’s most celebrated athlete

Answer 9

“Babe” Ruth

Question 10

American aviator, one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York City to Paris.

Answer 10

Charles Lindbergh

Question 11

American Prohibition-era gangster, who dominated organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1931 and became perhaps the most famous gangster in the United States. The most notorious mobster, who controlled the alcohol trade in Chicago with extreme violence. He became successful as Organized crime emerged in America as the mafia took control of the illegal alcohol trade when prohibition, 18th Amendment, took place.

Answer 11

Al Capone

Question 12

young, unmarried women who embraced their independence and sexuality, and popularized new women’s fashions like short hemlines, “bobbed” hair, and wearing hats. They wore short skirts, used ample makeup (formerly associated with prostitutes), smoked cigarettes in public, drank illegal alcoholic beverages, and gyrated to jazz tunes on the dance floor.

Answer 12

Flapper

Question 13

blend of African and European musical traditions into a new distinctly “American” music genre and became a major component in the American identity. Example: Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington

Answer 13

Jazz

Question 14

1918 amendment to the Constitution banning the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. It was repealed in 1933 with the Twenty-First Amendment

Answer 14

18th Amendment

Question 15

what the 18th amendment was about, which banned alcohol production and consumption. Later the 21st Amendment repealed this.

Answer 15

Prohibition

Question 16

Used to prosecute those who violated the 18th amendment. These were laws that prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sales of beverages with more than 0.5% alcohol. The US Treasury Department was incharge of this.

Answer 16

Volstead Act

Question 17

Urban Americans, who were usually immigrants, were drinking is a cultural norm for them, who wanted to drink in illegal bars and resisted prohibition.

Answer 17

“Speakeasy”

Question 18

1933 amendment repealing prohibition and the Eighteenth Amendment.

Answer 18

21st Amendment

Question 19

This made Immigration restricted to a yearly quota of 3% of the people of their nationality already living in the U.S. in 1910. This was also In response to nativism, Congress passed new immigration restrictions in 1921 and 1924

Answer 19

Emergency Quota Act 1921

Question 20

a silent film directed by D.W. Griffith about the American Civil War (1861–65) and the Reconstruction era that followed, it has long been hailed for its technical and dramatic innovations but condemned for the racism inherent in the script and its positive portrayal of the KKK

Answer 20

The Birth of a Nation

Question 21

This Cut the quota of the previous Act to 2%, shifted the date for the base number to 1890 and closed the door to Japanese immigration .

Answer 21

Johnson-Reed Immigration Act

Question 22

Case in response to the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act and the Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906 allowed white persons and persons of African descent to naturalize. Someone filed for United States citizenship, and he attempted to have Japanese people classified as “white”. Court found that only Caucasians were white, and therefore the Japanese, by not being Caucasian, were not white and instead were members of an “unassimilable race”

Answer 22

Ozawa v. U.S.

Question 23

The newer version of this (reformed on Stone Mountain in 1915) was extremely anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant The 1920s also saw an increase in membership for this, and they promoted “traditional values” and what they termed “100% Americanism”. They used violence and fear to attack Blacks, immigrants, Catholics, Jews, unions, and Socialists and by 1924, they had 4.5 million members and elected politicians into power in several states.

Answer 23

Ku Klux Klan

Question 24

When a teacher was arrested in Dayton, Tennessee for teaching evolution in his biology class. In this, ACLU attorney Clarence Darrow defended Scopes; Represented urban America, science and modernity, and William Jennings Bryan served as prosecutor; Represented Christianity and rural values. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, however Evolutionists believed they won because Darrow got Bryan to admit that the world might not have been made in six 24 hour days

Answer 24

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

Question 25

29th president of the United States (1921–23). Pledging a nostalgic “return to normalcy” following World War I, he won the presidency by the greatest popular vote margin to that time. He died during his third year in office and was succeeded by Vice Pres. Calvin Coolidge. His brief administration accomplished little of lasting value, however, and soon after his death a series of scandals doomed the Harding presidency to be judged among the worst in American history.

Answer 25

Warren Harding

Question 26

Oil and land scandal that highlighted the close ties between big business and the federal government in the early 1920s.

Answer 26

Teapot Dome Scandal

Question 27

(US Treasury Secretary who started to tax the rich) Treasury Secretary under Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. He made it so that High taxes increased the cost of living, Reduce public debt (as it was paid off), interest charges became less (effecting a saving each year in the government’s budget expenses), Enacted supply-side tax cuts, and cut taxes across the board but most dramatically for those in the top tax brackets (wealthy)

Answer 27

Andrew Mellon

Question 28

30th president of the United States (1923–29). he acceded to the presidency after the death in office of Warren G. Harding, just as the Harding scandals were coming to light. He restored integrity to the executive branch of the federal government while continuing the conservative pro-business policies of his predecessor.

Answer 28

Calvin Coolidge

Question 29

he 31st president of the United States. He served from 1929 to 1933. He was a republican who ran on a campaign of prohibition and prosperity. The early years of his presidency brought about a great deal of prosperity for the United States. Many people blamed him for the stock market crash. He had a reputation as a humanitarian and worldwide gratitude as “The Great Humanitarian” who fed war-torn Europe during and after World War I.

Answer 29

Herbert Hoover

Question 30

American writer who was an important figure in the Harlem Renaissance and made the African American experience the subject of his writings, which ranged from poetry and plays to novels and newspaper columns.

Answer 30

Langston Hughes

Question 31

the flourishing celebration of Black culture in America. The work of this -based African American writers, artists, and musicians that flourished following World War I through the 1920s. The poets, novelists, and artists from this era captured the imagination of black and white people alike. Many of these artists increasingly rejected white standards of taste as well as staid middle-class black values.

Answer 31

Harlem Renaissance

Question 32

Author who coined the term to describe the disillusionment that many of her fellow writers and artists felt after the ravages of World War I, and coined the term “Lost Generation” (describes the writers and artists disillusioned with the consumer culture of the 1920s.). Already concerned about the impact of mass culture and corporate capitalism on individualism and free thought, they focused their talents on criticizing what they saw as the hypocrisy of old values and the conformity ushered in by the new.

Answer 32

Gertrude Stein

Question 33

Author who wrote A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises, exemplified the “Lost Generation” of WWI. American novelist and short-story writer, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He was noted both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurous and widely publicized life. His succinct and lucid prose style exerted a powerful influence on American and British fiction in the 20th century.

Answer 33

Ernest Hemingway

Question 34

Created the novel The great gastby and This Side of Paradise (1920) where he complained that his generation had “grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faith in man shaken.”

Answer 34

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Question 35

Journalist who made Prejustice and picked up these subjects in the pages of his magazine, The American Mercury. From his vantage point in Baltimore, Maryland, he lampooned the beliefs and behavior of Middle America.

Answer 35

H.L. Mencken

Question 36

Made a series of novels, including Main Street (1920), Babbitt (1922), and Elmer Gantry (1927), to ridicule the narrow-mindedness of small-town life, the empty materialism of businessmen, and the insincerity of evangelical preachers. A heavy-drinking journalist who wrote Main Street and Babbitt, belittled small-town America was the chief chronicler of Midwestern life. He was a master of satire.

Answer 36

Sinclair Lewis

Question 37

a shoe-factory worker and a fish peddler. They were both convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard in 1921. They were supported by Liberals and Radicals. The case lasted 6 years and resulted in execution based on weak evidence. Mainly because Americans were natives.

Answer 37

Sacco and Vanzetti

Question 38

held on November 6, in which Republican Herbert Hoover defeated Democrat Alfred E. Smith in the electoral college, and Hoover became the president.

Answer 38

Election of 1928

Question 39

international conference called by the United States to limit the naval arms race and to work out security agreements in the Pacific area. Held in D.C., the conference resulted in the drafting and signing of several major and minor treaty agreements.

Answer 39

Washington Naval Conference