Unit 12 Module 8.5 & 8.8 Flashcards
When someone was arrested and jailed in Virginia for refusing to give up her seat on an interstate Greyhound. U.S. The Supreme Court ruled 6-1 that Virginia’s state law enforcing segregation on interstate buses was illegal.
Morgan v. Virginia
interracial American organization established by James Farmer in 1942 to improve race relations and end discriminatory policies through direct-action projects. Was used to help farmers, but evolved into a vehicle for the nonviolent approach to combating racial prejudice that was inspired by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
the first Black baseball player to play in the American major leagues during the 20th century, in the Brooklyn Dodgers, 1947. He was also known as Pee Wee Reese, with the quote, “You can hate a man for many reasons, color is not one of them”.
Jackie Robinson
the first kind of modern jazz, which split jazz into two opposing camps in the last half of the 1940s. a complex and sophisticated type of improvised jazz. 1940s invented by Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet) and Charlie Parker (sax). It was a reaction to Big Band Jazz. combos of only 3 or 4 musicians. and an emphasis on solos that play incredibly fast, virtuoso instruments
Bebop
NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board case in front of the Supreme Court. His success in the Brown case set him on the path to become the 1st Black justice on the Supreme Court (1967)
Thurgood Marshall
Desegregated public schools. Landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned the “separate but equal” principle established by Plessy v. Ferguson and applied to public schools. Few schools in the South were racially desegregated for more than a decade.
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court Justice that ruled in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which desegregated schools. American jurist, the 14th chief justice of the United States (1953–69), who presided over the Supreme Court during a period of sweeping changes in U.S. constitutional law, especially in the areas of race relations, criminal procedure, and legislative apportionment.
Earl Warren
Thirteen-month boycott that began with the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The successful protest catapulted Martin Luther King, Jr., a local pastor, into national prominence as a civil rights leader.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, she was arrested for challenging an Alabama segregation law about city buses. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places, this, “Declaration of Constitutional Principles,” was signed by past confederate members in the House or Congress in response to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling and the civil right laws.
Southern Manifesto
This is the famous highschool in Arkansas where 9 black students integrated an all white school, to challenge racial segregation in public schools. The government had to send the military to protect the students integrating into the school.
Little Rock’s Central High
Teen who moved to Mississippi to help out on the family farm.Accused of offending a white woman in her family’s grocery store. He was lynched at the age of 14 in Mississippi in 1955
Emmett Till
U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader who founded the SCLC. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, and won a Nobel Peace Prize (1964)
Martin Luther King Jr.
Organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and other black ministers to encourage nonviolent protests against racial segregation and disenfranchisement in the South.
SCLC
first used by MLK and the SCLC as a non-violent approach to inspire other groups to act, used by students at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, NC. spread quickly and led to the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Sit-ins
Civil rights organization that grew out of the sit-ins of 1960. The organization focused on taking direct action and political organizing to achieve its goals. Founded by Ella Baker
SNCC
the first federal civil rights legislation to be passed, authorized the federal government to take legal measures to prevent a citizen from being denied voting rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Integrated bus rides through the South organized by CORE in 1961 to test compliance with Supreme Court rulings on segregation.
Freedom Rides
U.S. attorney general and adviser during the administration of his brother, a famous, assassinated Pres and later a U.S. senator (1965–68). He was assassinated while campaigning for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination in 1968.
Robert Kennedy
Letter MLK wrote while in jail. He wrote an open letter in response to white leaders who were concerned King was pushing to hard and fast for civil rights
Letters from Birmingham Jail
American black civil-rights activist, veteran, and & NAACP leader in Mississippi, whose murder received national attention and made him a martyr to the cause of the civil rights movement. He was murdered in his driveway by KKK after JFK’s 1963 speech supporting civil rights (like voting rights); death motivated government involvement in civil rights
Medgar Evers
August 28, 1963 political demonstration held in Washington, D.C., by civil rights leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress. This was when MLK gave the “I Have a Dream” speech.
March on Washington
Wide-ranging civil rights act that, among other things, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and employment and increased federal enforcement of school desegregation.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
1964 civil rights project in Mississippi launched by SNCC, CORE, the SCLC, and the NAACP. Some eight hundred volunteers, mainly white college students, worked on voter registration drives and in freedom schools to improve education for rural black youngsters.
Freedom Summer
