Unit 12 Module 8.5 & 8.8 Flashcards

1
Q

When someone was arrested and jailed in Virginia for refusing to give up her seat on an interstate Greyhound. U.S. The Supreme Court ruled 6-1 that Virginia’s state law enforcing segregation on interstate buses was illegal.

A

Morgan v. Virginia

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2
Q

interracial American organization established by James Farmer in 1942 to improve race relations and end discriminatory policies through direct-action projects. Was used to help farmers, but evolved into a vehicle for the nonviolent approach to combating racial prejudice that was inspired by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi

A

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

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3
Q

the first Black baseball player to play in the American major leagues during the 20th century, in the Brooklyn Dodgers, 1947. He was also known as Pee Wee Reese, with the quote, “You can hate a man for many reasons, color is not one of them”.

A

Jackie Robinson

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4
Q

the first kind of modern jazz, which split jazz into two opposing camps in the last half of the 1940s. a complex and sophisticated type of improvised jazz. 1940s invented by Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet) and Charlie Parker (sax). It was a reaction to Big Band Jazz. combos of only 3 or 4 musicians. and an emphasis on solos that play incredibly fast, virtuoso instruments

A

Bebop

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5
Q

NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board case in front of the Supreme Court. His success in the Brown case set him on the path to become the 1st Black justice on the Supreme Court (1967)

A

Thurgood Marshall

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6
Q

Desegregated public schools. Landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned the “separate but equal” principle established by Plessy v. Ferguson and applied to public schools. Few schools in the South were racially desegregated for more than a decade.

A

Brown v. Board of Education

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7
Q

Supreme Court Justice that ruled in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which desegregated schools. American jurist, the 14th chief justice of the United States (1953–69), who presided over the Supreme Court during a period of sweeping changes in U.S. constitutional law, especially in the areas of race relations, criminal procedure, and legislative apportionment.

A

Earl Warren

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8
Q

Thirteen-month boycott that began with the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The successful protest catapulted Martin Luther King, Jr., a local pastor, into national prominence as a civil rights leader.

A

Montgomery Bus Boycott

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9
Q

In 1955, she was arrested for challenging an Alabama segregation law about city buses. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Rosa Parks

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10
Q

was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places, this, “Declaration of Constitutional Principles,” was signed by past confederate members in the House or Congress in response to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling and the civil right laws.

A

Southern Manifesto

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11
Q

This is the famous highschool in Arkansas where 9 black students integrated an all white school, to challenge racial segregation in public schools. The government had to send the military to protect the students integrating into the school.

A

Little Rock’s Central High

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12
Q

Teen who moved to Mississippi to help out on the family farm.Accused of offending a white woman in her family’s grocery store. He was lynched at the age of 14 in Mississippi in 1955

A

Emmett Till

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13
Q

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader who founded the SCLC. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, and won a Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

A

Martin Luther King Jr.

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14
Q

Organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and other black ministers to encourage nonviolent protests against racial segregation and disenfranchisement in the South.

A

SCLC

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15
Q

first used by MLK and the SCLC as a non-violent approach to inspire other groups to act, used by students at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, NC. spread quickly and led to the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

A

Sit-ins

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16
Q

Civil rights organization that grew out of the sit-ins of 1960. The organization focused on taking direct action and political organizing to achieve its goals. Founded by Ella Baker

A

SNCC

17
Q

the first federal civil rights legislation to be passed, authorized the federal government to take legal measures to prevent a citizen from being denied voting rights.

A

Civil Rights Act of 1957

18
Q

Integrated bus rides through the South organized by CORE in 1961 to test compliance with Supreme Court rulings on segregation.

A

Freedom Rides

19
Q

U.S. attorney general and adviser during the administration of his brother, a famous, assassinated Pres and later a U.S. senator (1965–68). He was assassinated while campaigning for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination in 1968.

A

Robert Kennedy

20
Q

Letter MLK wrote while in jail. He wrote an open letter in response to white leaders who were concerned King was pushing to hard and fast for civil rights

A

Letters from Birmingham Jail

21
Q

American black civil-rights activist, veteran, and & NAACP leader in Mississippi, whose murder received national attention and made him a martyr to the cause of the civil rights movement. He was murdered in his driveway by KKK after JFK’s 1963 speech supporting civil rights (like voting rights); death motivated government involvement in civil rights

A

Medgar Evers

22
Q

August 28, 1963 political demonstration held in Washington, D.C., by civil rights leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress. This was when MLK gave the “I Have a Dream” speech.

A

March on Washington

23
Q

Wide-ranging civil rights act that, among other things, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and employment and increased federal enforcement of school desegregation.

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964

24
Q

1964 civil rights project in Mississippi launched by SNCC, CORE, the SCLC, and the NAACP. Some eight hundred volunteers, mainly white college students, worked on voter registration drives and in freedom schools to improve education for rural black youngsters.

A

Freedom Summer

25
Q

Urged action even if it required violence. Spoke of black separatism and was inspired by the Nation of Islam, getting the islamic name, El Haj Malik El-Shabazz. After going to islam, started to have more conciliatory messages and have a peaceful approach to separatism. He was Assassinated in 1965 by Nation of Islam members as they did not want the more peaceful approach.

A

Malcolm X

26
Q

African American movement and organization, founded in 1930 and known for its teachings combining elements of traditional Islam with Black nationalist ideas. This also promotes racial unity and self-help and maintains a strict code of discipline among members, and violence was acceptable, inspiring Malcolm X’s speeches, but members also assassinated him.

A

Nation of Islam

27
Q

leader of the black separatist religious movement known as the Nation of Islam (sometimes called Black Muslims) in the United States.

A

Elijah Muhammad

28
Q

After the Selma marches, President Johnson signed this intp law. This banned literacy tests and sent federal voting officials into the South to protect voters. Voter registration and turnout among Black citizens increased. Americans elected Black politicians for the 1st time since the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

29
Q

advocated citizenship rights, better educational opportunities, improved health care, and cultural recognition and preservation for native americans. Founded by Zitkala-Sa or Gertrude Simmons, and Her investigation of land swindles perpetrated against Native Americans resulted in her appointment as an adviser to the U.S. government’s Meriam Commission of 1928, the findings of which eventually led to several important reforms.

A

National Indian Youth Council

30
Q

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere

A

Immigration and Nationality Act of 19