Unit 1 Modules 2.6-2.9 Flashcards
The brutal second leg of the triangular trade, a forced journey of enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas. Historians estimated that millions of enslaved Africans died before they arrived to the Americas.
Middle Passage
A series of laws that defined slavery as a distinct status based on racial idenity and which passed that status to future generations.Passed by the House of Burgesses. Gave slave holders the rights to kill them, made is illegal for slaves to carry any weapon, & slaves weren’t allowed to leave helder’s premises without a certificate of permission. (Later, they werent allowed to be taught reading & writing) The laws restricted enslaved peoples’ rights, largely due to slave holders’ fears of rebellion.
Slave Code
formerly enslaved Africans & their descendants who gained their freedom by fleeing.
Maroons
economic system centered on maintaining a favorable balance of trade for the home country, with more gold & silver flowing into the county then out. Seventeenth & Eighteenth century British colonial policies was heavily shaped by this. (More Imports than Exports)
Mercantilism
Acts passed by Parliament in the 1650s & 1660s that prohibited smuggling of things not British, established guidelines for legal commerce, and set duties on trade items. British laws in America that heavily benefited British economics & mercantilism.
Navigation Acts
policy of the British government from early to mid 18th century regarding its North American colonies, under which trade regulations were laxly enforced. Involuntarily contributed to increasing autonomy of colonial legal & legislative institutions,and ultimately led to American Independence. (Britain got so much money from American colonies, they relax on trade restrictions for a bit.)
Salutary Neglect
1739 uprising by enslaved African Americans in South Carolina. In its aftermath, white colonist fear of slave revolts intensified.
Stono Rebellion
an English philosopher, published the widely circulated “Two Treatises of Government” supporting the initiative of William & Mary by insisting that government depended on the consent of the governed. Political thoughts grounded on the notion of a social contract between citizens & the importance of toleration, His ideas of “through reasons humans could discover the laws that governed the universe & thereby improving society” (Natural rights)
John Locke
religious-political solution adopted by 17th century New England Congregationalists, also called Puritans, that allowed children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized & thus becoming church members & have political rights.
Half-Way Covenant
published by Benjamin Franklin, advocated Enlightenment Ideas in the colonies & spread such ideas through colonies in the 1720s & 1730s
“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
clergy & Congregational minister in New England. Scholar that studied natural philosophy, science & theology, viewing the natural world as powerful evidence of God’s design; God elected some for salvations & others for damnation as a Source of mystical joy.
Jonathan Edwards
Series of religions revivals in colonial America that began 1720s to ~1750s.
Great Awakening
Colonial clergy from established churches who supported the religious status quo in the early eighteenth-century.
Old Light Clergy
Student of John Wesley. Like the Pietists, he considered the North American colonies a perfect place to restore intensity & emotion to religious worship. An English clergyman perfectly situated to extend the series of revivals in North America called the Great Awakening. His communication & his intense prayers/ travels developed to promote commerce & is used to promote religion. Asked individuals to invest less in material goods and more spiritual devotion.
George Whitefield
Colonial clergy who called for religion’s revivals & emphasized the emotional aspect of spiritual commitment. They were leaders in the Great Awakening.
New Light Clergy
