Unit 6 Modules 5.6-5.8 Flashcards
Federal agency created in 1865 to provide freedpeople with economic and legal resources. this played an active role in shaping black life in the postwar South.
Freedmen’s Bureau
The president after Lincoln’s assassination a slaveholder and the first president to get impeached. Viewed Reconstruction as a process of national reconciliation. He and Lincoln sketched out terms by which the former Confederate states could reclaim their political representation in the nation without serious penalties. Created a plan known as Presidential Reconstruction and this did not require strict regulations to protect formerly enslaved people and obstructed Congressional Reconstruction and was biased towards the South.
Andrew Johnson
Lincoln declaring that defeated states would have to accept the abolition of slavery, but then new governments could be formed when
a certain percent of those eligible to vote in 1860 (which in practice meant white, but not black, southern men) swore an oath of allegiance to the United States. Lincoln’s plan granted amnesty to all but the highest-ranking Confederate officials, and the restored voters in each state would elect members to a constitutional convention and representatives to take their seats in Congress.
10% Plan
politicians who actively supported abolition prior to the Civil War and sought tighter controls over the South in the aftermath of the war.
Radical Republicans
1864 bill that created higher barriers for the Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union and granted freedmen the right to vote. President Lincoln vetoed the bill.
Wade Davis Bill
declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, “without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.” President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation, that veto was overturned by the 39th United States Congress. This aimed to counteract the Black Codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans and making it a crime to deprive blacks of their rights to sue, testify in court, or hold property.
Civil Rights Act (1866)
Racial laws passed by southern legislatures in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War that aimed to keep freedpeople in a condition as close to slavery as possible.
Black codes
Law passed by Congress in 1867 to prevent President Andrew Johnson from removing cabinet members sympathetic to the Republican Party’s approach to congressional Reconstruction without Senate approval. Johnson was impeached, but not convicted, for violating the act.
Tenure of Office Act
1867 acts dividing Southern states into military districts and requiring those states to grant black male suffrage.
Military Reconstruction Acts
Amendment to the Constitution defining citizenship and protecting individual civil and political rights from abridgment by the states. Adopted during Reconstruction, this overturned the Dred Scott decision.
14th Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution prohibiting the abridgment of a citizen’s right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” From the 1870s on, southern states devised numerous strategies for circumventing the Fifteenth Amendment
15th Amendment
In the aftermath of the Civil War, they sought voting rights for women.
NWSA
Derogatory term for white Southerners who supported Reconstruction.
Scalawags
Derogatory term for white Northerners who moved to the South in the years following the Civil War. Many white Southerners believed such migrants were intent on exploiting their suffering.
Carpetbaggers
A system that emerged as the dominant mode of agricultural production in the South in the years after the Civil War. Under the this system, poor people received tools and supplies from landowners in exchange for a share of the eventual harvest.
Sharecropping
African American migrants who left the South after the Civil War to settle in the states of Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The first mass migration of African Americans from the South after the Civil War
Exodusters
Organization formed in 1865 by General Nathan Bedford Forrest to enforce prewar racial norms. Members of the this used threats and violence to intimidate black people and white Republicans.
Ku Klux Klan
White, conservative Democrats who challenged and overthrow Republican rule in the South during Reconstruction.
Redeemers
Three acts passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871 in response to vigilante attacks on southern black people. The acts were designed to protect black political rights and end violence by the Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations.
Force Acts
Act extending “full and equal treatment” for all races in public accommodations, including jury service and public transportation. However, in 1883, the Supreme Court ruled the act was unconstitutional.
Civil Rights Act (1875)
neither Republican Hayes nor Democrat Tilden won a majority of electoral votes. Democrats in Congress agreed to vote for Hayes if the remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the South. Hayes was president and promised the removed federal troops and end military zones to gain votes.
Election of 1876:
between Republicans and southern Democrats that resulted in the election of Rutherford B. Hayes. Southern Democrats agreed to support Hayes in the disputed presidential election in exchange for his promise to end Reconstruction.
Compromise of 1877
the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate (1870–71), representing Mississippi during Reconstruction. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Hiram Revels
