Unit 4 Modules 4.3, 4.6-4.8

Question 1

Innovations in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation in the early 1800s that fueled increased efficiency and productivity and linked northern industry with western farms and southern plantations.

Answer 1

Market Revolution

Question 2

Road constructed using federal funds that ran from western Maryland through southwestern Pennsylvania to Wheeling, West Virginia; also called the Cumberland Road. Completed in 1818, it was part of a larger push to improve the nation’s infrastructure. Its bill for federal funding was denied in Jackson’s presidency in the Maysville Road Bill.

Answer 2

National Road

Question 3

Canal built in the early 1820s that made water transport from the Great Lakes to New York City possible. The success of the this inspired many similar projects and ensured New York City’s place as the premier international port in the United States, fueling industrial development throughout the Northeast.

Answer 3

Erie Canal

Question 4

New ideals of womanhood that emerged alongside the middle class in the 1830s and 1840s that called for women to be confined to the domestic sphere and devote themselves to the care of children, the home, and hard-working husbands.

Answer 4

Cult of Domesticity

Question 5

Members of the movement seeking to end the system of slavery.

Answer 5

abolitionists

Question 6

Southern independent landowners who were not slaveholders. Although they had connections to the South’s plantation economy, many realized that their interests were not always identical to those of the planter elite.

Answer 6

Yeoman farmers

Question 7

A series of routes from southern plantation areas to northern free states and Canada along which abolitionist supporters, known as conductors, provided hiding places, transportation, and resources to enslaved people seeking freedom.

Answer 7

Underground railroad

Question 8

Rule passed by the House of Representatives in 1836 to postpone action on all antislavery petitions without hearing them read in an attempt to stifle debate over slavery. It was renewed annually until it was rescinded in 1844.

Answer 8

gag rule

Question 9

hired as an apprentice in an English mill that used a yarn-spinning machine designed by Richard Arkwright. He designed and built a spinning mill in Pawtucket. The “Father of the American Factory system”

Answer 9

Samuel Slater

Question 10

organized a revolt in rural Virginia that stunned whites across the South. His rebellion generated panic among white southerners, leading to the passage of stricter slave codes in southern states. He was a religious visionary who believed that God had given him a mission. He and his followers killed his enslavers, the Travis family, and then headed to nearby plantations in Southampton County. After the rebellion Virginia executed fifty-five other African Americans suspected of assisting him

Answer 10

Nat Turner

Question 11

phrase originated in the Mississippi region during slave trade; Used to describe slaves from the Upper South who were sold down the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to be bought in the lower south when cotton production in the Deep South began to rise.

Answer 11

Sold “Down the River”

Question 12

What the South refer to Northern Factory workers. People whose livelihood depends on how much they make, they were given very poor working conditions and very low pay.

Answer 12

“Wage Slaves”

Question 13

American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat and designed the first steam warship (1765-1815).

Answer 13

Robert Fulton

Question 14

Racial laws passed by southern legislatures in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War that aimed to keep freedpeople in a condition as close to slavery as possible. Restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War.

Answer 14

black codes

Question 15

used in Britain during the Industrial Revolution, but soon spread to the United States. It was a method of reducing labor costs associated with paying highly skilled artisans to produce goods by hiring families to perform specific tasks at a set wage. Production of goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who put out the raw materials, paid a certain sum per finished piece, and sold the completed item to a distant market.

Answer 15

Putting-out system

Question 16

written by Catherine Beecher, helped to standardize domestic practices and reinforce domestic values, arguing that a woman’s proper role was in the home, where she could powerfully affect American society. A housekeeping guide telling middle-class wives proper design tips, medical information, and advice for raising a family.

Answer 16

Treatise on Domestic Economy

Question 17

free, self-educated slave in south carolina; a mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize charleston, south carolina in 1822. He was accused of following the revolutionary leader Toussaint L’Ouverture’s lead and plotting a conspiracy to free the city’s enslaved inhabitants, and he and thirty-four of his alleged co-conspirators were found guilty and hanged by Charleston officials.before the revolt started. He planned the most extensive slave rebellion in U.S. history (Charleston, 1822).

Answer 17

Denmark Vesey

Question 18

American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster. founder of a company for the biggest manufacturer of agricultural equipment in the world.

Answer 18

John Deere

Question 19

Privileged minority of 395,000 slave-owning southern families (1860) Strict hierarchy; The 5% of the South’s population that controlled much of the economy. They were large-scale planters in the South who owned over 50 slaves.

Answer 19

Planter Elite

Question 20

Refers to a group of pro-slavery, extremist. Often politicians, they were from the South and urged the separation of southern states into a new nation. That new nation later became known as the Confederate States of America. Hotheaded southern agitators who pushed for southern interests and favored secession from the Union.

Answer 20

Fire Eaters

Question 21

author of “The Impending Crisis of the South”; wrote the book to show that slavery had many negative social, political, and economic effects that many southerners ignored. He was an American Southern critic of slavery, and protrayed the white people as victims of slavery, not the slaves. His book divided the country.

Answer 21

Hinton Helper

Question 22

Book by Hinton Helper, which main idea was that Slavery was responsible for the economic downfall of the south, and that slaves should be freed and sent back to Africa. This book also argued that slavery was incompatible with economic progress. This book divided the country on issues of slavery further more.

Answer 22

The Impending Crisis

Question 23

a labor-textile factory system, production model invented in Massachusetts in the 19th century. The system was designed so that every step of the manufacturing process was done under one roof and the work employed mainly young women.

Answer 23

Lowell System

Question 24

an enslaved blacksmith in Richmond Virginia’s plotted rebellion.This was inspired by both the American and Haitian revolutions, supporters rallied around the demand for “Death or Liberty.” This plan failed when informants betrayed him to authorities and news of the plot traveled across the South and terrified white residents.

Answer 24

Gabriel’s Rebellion

Question 25

A woman, who gained her freedom and returned south repeatedly to free dozens of family members and other enslaved men and women. She was a fugitive that led enslaved people to the north through underground railroad.

Answer 25

Harriet Tubman