Unit 11 Modules 8.1, 8.2 and 8.6 Flashcards
from New Hampshire (1944). made the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to encourage global growth and economic stability, Help developing nations by reducing poverty, and create the World Bank (Promoting economic growth in war ravaged and underdeveloped areas)
Bretton Woods
created at the end of World War II as an international peacekeeping organization and a forum for resolving conflicts between nations. This was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership and was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Its headquarters are in Manhattan, New York City, and reflected the rise of the United States to global leadership in the postwar period.
United Nations
The political, economic, and military conflict, short of direct war on the battlefield, between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991.
Cold War
Term coined by Churchill that described the ideological and political divide between the Communist Soviet Union and the non-Communist western world, The democratic/capitalist Western Europe from communist/totalitarian Eastern Europe.
Iron Curtain
U.S. pledge to contain the expansion of communism around the world. Based on the idea of containment, this was the cornerstone of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War.
Truman Doctrine
33rd president of the United States (1945–53), who led his country through the final stages of World War II and through the early years of the Cold War, vigorously opposing Soviet expansionism in Europe and sending U.S. forces to turn back a communist invasion of South Korea. He Created commission to investigate Civil Rights (1946) and the Executive Order 9981 to desegregate the military
Harry S. Truman
general of the army and U.S. Army chief of staff during World War II (1939–45) and later U.S. secretary of state (1947–49) and of defense (1950–51). The European Recovery Program he proposed in 1947 that economically aid non-communist countries. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1953.
George C. Marshall
Post World War II European economic aid package developed by the Secretary of State. The plan helped rebuild Western Europe and served American political and economic interests in the process. Through the plan, $13 billion was used to help rebuild a post-war Europe nation that was not communist. By 1952, Western Europe recovered and Communism never took root because of this.
Marshall Plan
In 1948, the Soviet Union responded to the American policy of Containment by cutting off all traffic from West Germany into West. The United States and other Democratic nations began the Airlift to bring food, fuel, and supplies to keep West from falling to Communism. The standoff lasted for about 11 months until Stalin and the Soviet Union lifted this off Berlin
Berlin Blockade
Cold War military alliance intended to enhance the collective security of the United States and Western Europe. Formed to create an open military alliance among the various democratic nations in the North Atlantic, and served as a deterrent to the spread of communism.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1947 law that curtailed unions’ ability to organize. It prevented unions from barring employment to non-union members and authorized the federal government to halt a strike for eighty days if it interfered with the national interest
Taft-Hartley Act
American politician, a prominent states’ rights and segregation advocate who ran for the presidency in 1948 on the Dixiecrat ticket and was one of the longest-serving senators in U.S. history (1954–2003). He was nominated for president of the States’ Rights Party (Dixiecrats) in the 1948 election. Split southern Democrats from the party due to Truman’s stand in favor of Civil Rights for African Americans. He only got 39 electoral votes.
Strom Thurmond
Southern Democrats who created a segregationist political party in 1948 as a response to federal extensions of civil rights. This advocated for a state’s right to legislate segregation. The Party ran Strom Thurmond in an unsuccessful bid for the presidency in 1948 against Truman.
“Dixiecrats”
President Harry S. Truman’s liberal domestic reform program, the basic tenets of which he had outlined as early as 1945. Domestic reform proposals of the second Truman administration (1949-53); included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, but only extensions of some New Deal programs were enacted.
Fair Deal
Wisconsin Senator who emerged as the leader of the anti-communist Red Scare within America, His loud attacks included President Truman for allowing communists to infiltrate the government, and he used public hearing to make unsubstantiated accusations against suspected communists within the State Department as well as the United State military. The “witch hunts” of this did not result in exposing a single confirmed communist or spy in the U.S. Government, but did create immense damage to people’s lives and helped to stoke the fears growing in the American public
Joseph McCarthy
