Unit 8 Modules 7.1-7.2 Flashcards
Led one of the earliest progressive reforms was the settlement house movement. Founded Hull House, giving counseling for new immigrants, offered instruction in English, Child care for working mothers. Her efforts to help improve the lives of those less fortunate within Chicago and inspired reformers in other cities to build settlement houses to assist the poor
Jane Addams
The settlement house, based on Toynbee Hall in England, established by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr in Chicago in 1889. It served as a center of social reform and provided educational and social opportunities for working-class poor and immigrant women and their children.
Hull House
An Urban reformer who tried to improve the lives of poor workers and children. She helped abolishment of child labor, the passage of protective legislation for working women (10 hours day), the establishment of minimum wage laws
Florence Kelley
The period of US history from the 1890s to the 1920s of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society.After the Gilded Age, when a variety of reformers tried to fix problems created during the Gilded Age. This led to demands for equal rights by women, brought new opportunities for women and new ideas about personal rights, led to demands for equal rights by African Americans, Black leaders became inspirations for later generations to demand changes.
Progressive Era
The WCTU fought for this, legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. During this era, led to demands for equal rights by women
Prohibition
a Republican governor of Wisconsin from 1901 to 1906, who led the way by initiating a range of reforms to improve the performance of state government and increase its accountability to constituents. During his tenure as governor, he dismantled the statewide political machine by instituting direct party primaries, an expanded civil service, a law forbidding direct corporate contributions to political parties, a strengthened railroad regulatory commission, and a graduated income tax. In 1906 he entered the U.S. Senate, where he battled for further reform. Other states picked up and expanded his progressive agenda
Robert La Follette
This allowed citizens to bypass the state Legislature by putting an issue on a state ballot and voting to make it a law. People have the right to propose a new law.
Initiative
A vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. A law passed by the legislature can be used to the people for approval/veto.
Referendum
This allowed citizens to vote for the removal of an elective official. The people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office.
Recall
Investigative journalists during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who specialized in exposing poverty, monopolies, corruption, scandal, and vice (“Investigate, Educate, Legislate”). They helped build public support for progressive causes. They owned popular monthly magazines, like McClure’s & Colliers, used investigative journalism and photos in order to educate the public.
Muckraking
Early 1900’s muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel “How The Other Half Lives”; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell’s Kitchen
Jacob Riis
A book by Jacob Riis that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in the tenements
How the Other Half Lives
Wrote The Shame of the Cities (1904) which exposed urban political corruption, in which it stated that the country could cure American democracy (it’s corruption) by making America more democratic
Lincoln Steffens
Wrote The History of Standard Oil (1904), which revealed Rockefeller’s ruthless business practices and called for the break-up of large monopolies.
Ida Tarbell
Wrote The Jungle (1906) which revealed the unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses and led to government regulation of food industries
Upton Sinclair
1906 muckraking novel by Upton Sinclair that portrayed the poor working and living conditions in the Chicago meat-packing district, as well as the unsanitary practices in the unregulated meat production industry, leading to a widespread call for government regulation of food safety.
The Jungle
(1905) Debated whether or not a state violated the fourteenth amendment which allowed gis person to regulate his business when he made a contract (he was overworking his employees, which violated the act that bakers should only work 10 hours a day max). Ultimately, it was ruled that the this states law was invalid, and interfered with the freedom of contract.
Lochner v. New York
1908 Supreme Court ruling that upheld an law establishing a ten-hour workday for women. A U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court considered whether a state could limit the amount of hours a woman could work while not also limiting the hours of men
Muller v. Oregon
Organization founded in 1893 that increased public awareness of the social effects of alcohol on society; supported politicians who favored prohibition and promoted statewide referendums in Western and Southern states to ban alcohol.
Anti-Saloon League
an early motion-picture theater where a film or a variety show could be seen, usually for the admission price of a nickel.
“Nickelodeon”
A Women reformer who pushed for laws (and succeeded) that banned prostitution “The Social Evil”. She was a Nurse who Believed in the importance to women’s lives and women’s health of the availability of birth control, and jailed for the distribution of birth control advise and devices because of Comstock Law 1873 (Illegal to deliver or transport “obscene, lewd, or lascivious” material).
Margaret Sanger
clothing factories located in New York City’s Greenwich Village. The Jewish and Italian clothing workers who toiled here worked long hours for little pay. An infamous industrial fire at this factory in New York City in 1911 broke out. Inadequate fire safety provisions led to the deaths of 146 workers, mostly young women and girls. After the fire and following public outrage over the fire and through the efforts of reformers, New York City established a Bureau of Fire Protection, required safety devices in buildings, and prohibited smoking in factories. Furthermore, this tragedy spearheaded legislative efforts to improve working conditions in general, protect women workers, and abolish child labor.
Triangle Shirtwaist Company
became President after McKinley died and made the Square Deal with the Control of Corporations, Consumer Protection, Conservation of natural resources in the U.S. He was a different kind of president because he thought the government ought to take responsibility for the welfare of the people. The first president to regulate big business and break up corporate monopolies, He became known as a “trustbuster” when he used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up the Northern Securities Company in 1902 but he saw the benefit of efficient monopolies, but wanted to control bad trusts. He pressured Congress to create consumer safety laws, Meat Inspection Act in 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act, and began the first national environmental conservation program
Theodore Roosevelt
born an enslaved person in Virginia and used hard work and education to become a teacher after the Civil War. He founded the Tuskegee Institute, a school to train Black workers and teachers. On race relations, he argued in favor of accommodation: Blacks should work hard, educate themselves, and earn the rights they wanted
Booker T. Washington
