Unit 1 Module 2.2-2.5 Flashcards
Companies in which large #s of investors own stock. They were able to quickly raise large amounts of money & shared profits (rewarded equally among investors) if the venture succeeded. If the ventures failed, no investors suffered the whole lost money risks shared among them.
Joint Stock Company
preached that individuals must rely on God’s grace rather than saintly life or good works to endure salvation. She was educated & knew a lot on the Bible (held prayers for pregnant & nursing women). Her disagreement with Puritan ministers caused her to be put on trial for sedition (act of trying to overthrow the government & challenging colonial leaders) She was later banished from Massachusetts Bay and was seen as a threat for being a woman, for her religious beliefs, & for challenging the traditional gender roles. She, her family & followers joined Williams’s Rhode Island colony.
Anne Hutchinson
Also known as Separatists, a group of English religious dissenters who established a settlement at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. Unlike the more mainstream Protestants, the Pilgrims aimed to cut off all connections with the Church of England (wanted a separate church & community untainted by other faiths.) They end up getting off course when sailing to the Americas, ending up North of Dutch in New Amsterdam.
Pilgrims
Allowed on William’s Rhode Island colony unlike the Massachusetts Bay. Christian group that stresses the guidance of the Holy Spirit, rejects outward rites & an ordained ministry & has a tradition of working for peace. (Pacifist Protestants known as the Society of Friends)
Quakers
was granted lands (Delaware & Pennsylvania) from King Charles II. Penn was a convert to Quakers (they were considered radicals & severely persecuted in England). Penn founded Pennsylvania as a Quakers religious haven. He moved to Philadelphia in 1682, as governor of the colony & personally governed it unlike others. Penn provided a more inclusive model of colonial cule, establishing friendly relations with the local Lenni-Lenape Indians & drew me a Fame of Government in 1682 that recognized religious freedom for Christianity, attracting settlers with Penn’s tolerant policies over Pennsylvania.
William Penn
1676 uprising in Virginia led by indentured servants & Nathaniel Bacon. Because of the frontier settlers & Susquehannock warfares & Governor Berkeley’s refusal to send troops to intervene in the conflict & the lack of representation of western settlers in the House of Burgesses, it all made Bacon & his followers upset. Ended with Bacon’s death from diseases and Berkeley being relieved of the Governorship.
Bacon’s Rebellion
A joint stock company formed in 1606 by a group of London merchants. They were granted the rights to settle in North America (from present-day NY to North Carolina) John Smith (leader) and a group of 104 colonists set out to the New World under the Virginia Company. When the group arrived, conflicts with the Native American chief, Powhatan arised. The Natives, Powhatan Confederacy, was much stronger than the colonist & they had conflict.
Virginia Company
1st settlement from the Virginia Company, led by John Smith. Jamestown was already presided over by Chief Powhatan. Even though the settlers struggled to survive, they still managed to divide & search for gold, silver & built a military encampment (Powhatan still assisted new settlers in hopes of English clothes, iron harchers & guns & developing trade relations) Settlers raided Powhatan villages in the first year when they were unable to feed themselves, increasing distrust. With that, a severe drought made the Powhatan Indians less willing to trade with the English as a result of the limited surpluses of food. The English settlers feared the Powhatan Indians, which led them to decline the trade, guns for food. Food shortages & John Smith’s return to England from an injury, severed the link between them. Settlers became militarily aggressive, but the finding of cash crops saved the colony.
Jamestown
a powerful American Indian leader that already ruled over the land the Virginia Company settled in. He presided over the Powhatan Confederacy, which consisted of ~14,000 Algonquian-speaking people from 23-25 different tribes that surrounded the settlements of the Virginia Company. The Powhatan Confederacy made the colonists settlements easier for defense, and the settlers depended on them for survival in the first 2 years. Chief Powhatan captured colonists to establish dominance over Smith & other colonists, but they considered him more of a threat than of an asset, which ended up causing distrust. He was also the father of Pocahontas & brought Smith into his family after he released Smith.
Powhatan
a man that left England to “learne the life of a Souldier”. Fought & traveled throughout England, Mediterranean, and North Africa, later returning to Europe in 1605 & joining the Virginia Company in 1606 (He was also a soldier & explorer) leading the Virginia company colonist group.
John Smith
The mass migrations of Puritans from Europe to New England during 1602s & 1630s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population.
Puritan migration
local governing body in Virginia established by the English Crown in 1619, they could make laws & levy taxes, however English Governors of the Company Council in London held veto power.
House of Burgesses
Virginia colonist that began experimenting with the growth of tobacco which resulted in the production of tobacco leaves to soar, getting more investors for Jamestown.
John Rolfe
Created by the Virginia Company in 1618, that rewarded those who imported laborers & settlers with fifty acres of land. (imported laborers first were indentured servants, later were enslaved Africans.)
Headright Grant System
a bound laborer. Servants contracted to work for a set period of time (typically 7 years) without pay. Many early migrants to the English colonies indentured themselves in exchange for the price of a passage to North America.
Indentured Servant
