Unit 4 Modules 4.3-4.5 Flashcards
Agreement between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election that Clay would withdraw from the race in exchange for an appointment in Adams’s cabinet.
Corrupt Bargain
Patronage system introduced by Andrew Jackson in which federal offices were awarded on the basis of political loyalty. The system remained in place until the late nineteenth century.
Spoils System
White southerners’ name for the 1828 tariff act that benefited northern manufacturers and merchants at the expense of agriculture, especially southern plantations.
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
The doctrine that individual states have the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional and, therefore, void within their borders. South Carolina attempted to invoke the doctrine of nullification in response to the tariff of 1832.
Nullification
1833 bill passed by Congress in response to South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification. It gave the president the authority to use military force to enforce national laws.
Force Bill
Severe economic recession that began shortly after Martin Van Buren’s presidential inauguration. This started in the South and was rooted in the changing fortunes of American cotton in Great Britain.
Panic of 1837
1830 act, supported by President Andrew Jackson, by which American Indian peoples in the East were forced to exchange their lands for territory west of the Mississippi River.
Indian Removal Act
1831 Supreme Court ruling that denied the Cherokee claim to be a separate independent nation, ruling that all American Indian nations were “domestic dependent nations” rather than fully sovereign governments. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee over Georgia.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
The forced march of 15,000 Cherokees from Georgia to areas west of the Mississippi River that were designated as Indian Territory, beginning in 1831. Inadequate planning, food, water, sanitation, and medicine led to the deaths of thousands of Cherokees.
Trail of Tears
Political party formed in the 1830s to challenge the power of the Democratic Party. They attempted to forge a diverse coalition from around the country by promoting commercial interests and moral reforms. They were also against Andrew Jackson.
Whig Party
an unofficial cabinet/ unofficial advisors that the Government listens to instead of the Official cabinet. Andrew Jackson was the first president to have this and was made up of his trusted friends and political supporters that often met in the White House Kitchen. They supported Prez Jackson in such efforts as the Bank War, and the implementation of the Spoils System.
Kitchen Cabinet
Election of all democratic-republicans and John Quincy Adams won, with the help of Henry Clay throwing his House influence for Adams. Adams, as a result and a part of the deal, named Henry Clay the Secretary of State (the office thought at the time it was a stepping stone to presidency). Andrew Jackson called this the Corrupt Bargain.
Election of 1824
The rematch of the previous election. Jackson won this election. By this point the Era of Good Feelings was over. Opponents from both parties portrayed each other with nasty attacks and depictions (Adams was portrayed as a snobby Aristocrat, while Jackson was being portrayed as illiterate murder, and Jackson’s wife, Rachel Robands, was in the crossfire, later dying from a heartattack but Jackson claimed slander killed her).
Election of 1828
Bill vetoed by president Jackson. It was a bill to pay for the extension of the Cumberland Road built in Kentucky, and asked for federal funding. Jackson claimed that states should spend their own money on internal improvements.
Maysville Road Bill
1829 political conflict over Andrew Jackson’s appointment of John Eaton as secretary of war. Eaton was married to a woman (Peggy Eaton) of allegedly questionable character, and the wives of many prominent Washington politicians organized a campaign to snub her.
Petticoat Affair
Published by John C. Calhoun in 1828, arguing that states should have the ultimate power to determine the Constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. This publicly showed the Vice President’s (John C. Calhoun’s ) support for the power of states, south Carolina in this case, to be able to nullify federal laws.
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over South Carolina’s attempt to declare the nullification of the federal law, in the Ordinance of Nullification law of 1832. This event eventually led to The Compromise Tariff of 1833 by Henry Clay.
Nullification Crisis
sometimes called the Age of Jackson, where there was an extension of democracy to nearly all white men. At this time almost all adult white men had gained the right to vote, and more government positions became elective rather than appointive. This was during Jackson’s presidency and because the middle class white man had increased voting rights, this allowed Jackson to be elected.
“Age of the Common Man”
War in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans. This was also the last Native resistance to white settlement in the region around Illinois/ Chicago. Afterwards, Sauk leader, Black Hawk, follower was expelled to the west, this left most of the former Northwest Territory to white settlement.
Black Hawk War
a decisive political battle during Jackson’s presidency over the renewal of the Second Bank of the United States’ charter. This was between President Andrew Jackson and Congressional supporters of the Bank of the United States, Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.
Bank War
This case is that it prevented state governments from having control over private entities. When the Supreme Court ruled that the state of New Hampshire had violated the contract clause in its attempt to install a new board of trustees for Dartmouth College.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
U.S. Supreme Court case establishing the principle that states cannot, by legislative enactment, interfere with the power of Congress to regulate commerce. This case originated in a dispute over shipping monopolies in New York, and ended with the Supreme Court deciding the New York state law granting monopoly navigation rights was unconstitutional and that the federal government has authority over interstate commerce.
Gibbons vs. Ogden
claimed that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land. This infuriated Jackson and led directly to forced removal of Cherokee Natives in 1838 in the trail of tears.
Worcester v Georgia
state banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus Treasury funds in 1833, they were also state run banks that were loyal to President Andrew Jackson. Created by Jackson with the intention to keep state banks loyal to his administration.
“Pet Banks”