Unit 5 Modules 4.5-5.1-5.3

Question 1

1836 Mexicans elected a strong nationalist leader, him, as president. When he appointed a military commander to rule Texas, U.S. migrants organized a rebellion and declared their independence. This rebellion was crushed by him and he captured the U.S. settlement at Goliad. He who reclaimed the presidency of Mexico during the Mexican-American War, refused to give up despite US victories. After this war, he was removed and the new Mexican government sought peace.

Answer 1

Santa Anna

Question 2

Mexican residents of Texas. Although some elites allied themselves with American settlers, most American settlers were resistant to adopting culture.

Answer 2

Tejanos

Question 3

Texas fort captured by General Santa Anna on March 6, 1836, from rebel defenders. Sensationalist accounts of the siege of them increased popular support in the United States for Texas independence.

Answer 3

Alamo

Question 4

The route west from the Missouri River to the west. By 1860, some 350,000 Americans had made the three- to six-month journey along this path.

Answer 4

Oregon Trail

Question 5

Term coined by John L. O’Sullivan in 1845 to describe what he saw as the nation’s God-given right to expand its borders. Throughout the nineteenth century, this concept was used to justify U.S. expansion.

Answer 5

Manifest Destiny

Question 6

When Democratic candidate James K. Polk defeated Whig Party candidate Henry Clay to become the eleventh president of the United States. James K. Polk demanded continued expansion into Oregon and Mexico and conflicts with American Indians and debates over slavery only intensified.

Answer 6

Election of 1844

Question 7

The 11th president elected in 1844. He was a democratic, who under his leadership the United States fought the Mexican War and acquired vast territories along the Pacific coast and in the Southwest. He encouraged migration into Oregon but was unwilling to risk war with Great Britain so he sent diplomats to negotiate a treaty in 1846 that extended the border with British Canada (the forty-ninth parallel) to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 7

James K. Polk

Question 8

1846–1848 war between the United States and Mexico. Ultimately, Mexico ceded approximately one million square miles to the United States, including the present-day states of California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Texas, in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Debates over the status of slavery in these territories reignited the national debate about the expansion of slavery.

Answer 8

Mexican-American War

Question 9

An US General sent by Polk during the Mexican-American War. He was a Whigs and later built political careers on his military successes and later becomes president.

Answer 9

Zachary Taylor

Question 10

emissary sent by Polk to negotiate a border treaty with Mexico on disputed areas along the Texas-Mexican border, with U.S. troops under General Zachary Taylor across the Nueces River. He failed and it started the Mexican-American War.

Answer 10

John Slidell

Question 11

Measures introduced by Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln, questioning President James K. Polk’s justification for war with Mexico. Lincoln requested that Polk clarify precisely where Mexican forces had attacked American troops. Lincoln questioned President Polk’s justification (him declaring in his war message to Congress that Mexico had “invaded our territory and shed American blood upon America’s soil.”), asking “whether the particular spot of soil on which the blood of our citizens was so shed, was, or was not, our own soil.” (the House did not act on Lincoln’s resolutions started the Mexican War).

Answer 11

“Spot” Resolutions

Question 12

chief clerk in the State Department assigned by polk, to accompany Scott’s forces and to negotiate a peace treaty. He signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on behalf of America, which was subsequently ratified by both national congresses, Mexico ceded to the United States nearly all the territory

Answer 12

Nicholas Trist

Question 13

1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War. By the terms of the treaty, the United States acquired control over Texas north and east of the Rio Grande plus the New Mexico territory, which included present-day Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. The treaty also ceded Alta California, which had declared itself an independent republic during the war, to the United States.

Answer 13

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Question 14

The rapid influx of migrants into California after the discovery of gold in 1848. Migrants came from all over the world seeking riches. When the “forty-niners” raced to claim riches in California, and men vastly outnumbered women.

Answer 14

California Gold Rush

Question 15

northeastern California place where gold was found and brought tens of thousands of settlers to the West from the eastern United States, South America, Europe, and Asia. It was where the California Gold Rush took place.

Answer 15

Sutter’s Mill

Question 16

During the California Gold Rush, the males migrants would come to mine for gold and were victims of abuse by whites, who ran them off their claims. However some used the skills traditionally assigned them in their homeland to earn a far steadier income than prospecting for gold could provide. The women were imported specifically to provide sexual services for male miners.

Answer 16

Chinese Immigrants

Question 17

1846 proposal by Democratic congressman of Pennsylvania to outlaw slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico. The proposal was defeated, but the fight over its adoption foreshadowed the sectional conflicts of the 1850s.

Answer 17

Wilmot Proviso

Question 18

Party founded by political abolitionists in 1848 to expand the appeal of the Liberty Party by focusing less on the moral wrongs of slavery and more on the benefits of providing economic opportunities for northern white people in western territories.

Answer 18

Free Soil Party

Question 19

opened with the unresolved question of whether to allow slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico. This is when Whig candidate Zachary Taylor defeated Democratic nominee Lewis Cass(who supported popular sovereignty). This was when Zachary Taylor became the 12th president.

Answer 19

Election of 1848

Question 20

How the remaining land acquired from Mexico would be divided into two territories — New Mexico and Utah — and slavery there would be decided by, after addmitting California as a free state in the Compromise of 1850. It was the Notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery.

Answer 20

Popular Sovereignty

Question 21

an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the US gained more western land, Arizona and New Mexico, after buying it from Mexico. This provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War. It also showed the American belief in Manifest Destiny.

Answer 21

Gadsden Purchase