Unit 5 Modules 5.2-5.3

Question 1

Series of acts, by Henry Clay, following California’s application for admission as a free state. Meant to ease sectional tensions over slavery by providing something for all sides, the act ended up fueling more conflicts.

Answer 1

Compromise of 1850

Question 2

passed as part of the Compromise of 1850. The act provoked widespread anger in the North and intensified sectional tensions. In the 1793 and 1824, this mandated that all states aid in apprehending and returning fugitives from slavery to slaveholders.

Answer 2

Fugitive Slave Law

Question 3

Democratic senator, who was eager to have a transcontinental railroad run through his home state. He reopen the question of slavery in the territories in the Missouri Compromise. He introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act to Congress, making Kansas and Nebraska’s residents vote on whether slavery is allowed there. Promoted popular sovereignty.

Answer 3

Stephen Douglas

Question 4

she published the novel, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, as she was inspired by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. Her family were among the nation’s leading evangelical clergy and advocated for more rights of minorities.

Answer 4

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 5

1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Meant to publicize the evils of slavery, the novel struck an emotional chord in the North and was an international best seller. This was built on accounts by former enslaved people as well as tales gathered by abolitionist lecturers and writers. This captured the public’s attention as the book reached a mass audience.

Answer 5

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Question 6

Party formed in 1854 that was committed to stopping the expansion of slavery and advocated economic development and internal improvements. Although their appeal was limited to the North, they quickly became a major political force.

Answer 6

Republican Party

Question 7

1854 letter from U.S. ambassadors and the secretary of state to President Franklin Pierce urging him to conquer Cuba. When it was leaked to the press, northerners voiced outrage at what they saw as a plot to expand slave territories.

Answer 7

Ostend Manifesto

Question 8

1854 act creating the territories states out of what was then American Indian land. The act stipulated that the issue of slavery would be settled by a popular referendum in each territory. Created by Stephen Douglas to spread popular sovereignty to solve the issue of slavery in those states.

Answer 8

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 9

abolitionist who retaliated against the proslavery attacks on Lawrence by killing proslavery advocates. This so-called Pottawatomie Massacre infuriated southern settlers, and caused the civil war in Kansas, Bleeding Kansas. He was hanged after his raid.

Answer 9

John Brown

Question 10

drawn up by the infuriated southern settlers upset about the Pottawatomie Massacre. This declared Kansas a slave state and this pro-slavery constitution written for Kansas’ admission to the union in opposition to the anti-slavery Topeka Constitution; it was eventually rejected and Kansas became a free state in 1861. It contained clauses protecting slaveholding and a bill of rights excluding free blacks, and it added to the frictions leading up to the U.S. Civil War. This was a constitution written for slavery issues in Kansas and was getting voted on during Bleeding Kansas.

Answer 10

Lecompton Constitution

Question 11

a political party that arose in the Northeast, during the 1840s. The party was anti-Catholic and anti-immigration. It also supported workers’ rights against business owners, who were perceived to support immigration as a way to keep wages low.

Answer 11

American Party/Know-Nothings

Question 12

When a Democratic member of the Preston Brooks, House of Representatives, rushed to defend his family’s honor and assaulted Charles Sumner, Republican senator, with a cane in the Senate chamber. This was Brooks’ response to Sumner’s speech against the continued expansion of the Slave Power, where he attacks on planter politicians like South Carolina senator Andrew Butler, uncle of Preston Brooks. Brooks was still celebrated throughout South Carolina.

Answer 12

Sumner/Brooks incident

Question 13

When president James Buchanan, a proslavery advocate, was elected, who afterwards would do nothing to stop the Southern states’ secession. This marked the becoming increasingly divided along sectional lines in the nation and the strength of nativism in politics was diminishing.

Answer 13

Election of 1856

Question 14

Anti-immigrant Americans who launched public campaigns against foreigners in the 1840s. This emerged as a response to increased immigration to the United States in the 1830s and 1840s, particularly the large influx of Catholic immigrants.

Answer 14

Nativists

Question 15

The Kansas Territory during a period of violent conflicts over the fate of slavery in the mid-1859s. This violence intensified the sectional division over slavery.

Answer 15

Bleeding Kansas

Question 16

declared that Congress had no constitutional authority to exclude slavery from any territory, thereby nullifying the Missouri Compromise and any future effort to restrict slavery’s expansion. This outraged many northerners and allowed Abraham Lincoln to be nominated.

Answer 16

Dred Scott (decision)

Question 17

a proslavery southerner who was the Supreme Court Chief Justice that led the Dred Scott case. He ruled that an enslaved person was not a citizen and therefore could not sue in court, and claimed that black men had no rights that a white man was bound to respect. Taney’s ruling meant that Scott and his wife remained enslaved, even though they won the first court case.

Answer 17

Roger Taney

Question 18

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the 1859 Illinois Senate race that mainly focused on the expansion of slavery.

Answer 18

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Question 19

position stated by Stephen A. Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas Debates that eventually led to Douglas’s loss in the 1860 presidential election. It stated that slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizens did not pass laws (slave codes) maintaining it. Stated that exclusion of slavery in a territory (where it was legal) could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. Promoted popular sovereignty.

Answer 19

Freeport Doctrine

Question 20

1859 attack on the Federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, led by someone who hoped to inspire a slave uprising and arm enslaved African Americans with the weapons taken from the arsenal. This uprising was not successful and he was captured and eventually executed for treason.

Answer 20

John Brown’s Raid

Question 21

A Federal arsenal in Virginia where John Brown’s Raid, a failed slave uprising, took place and the hanging of John Brown was here.

Answer 21

Harpers Ferry

Question 22

When Abraham Lincoln won the election and became president. After this Deep Southern states announces that they would leave the union as they were scared Lincoln would end slavery. This would ultimately start the Civil War

Answer 22

Election of 1860

Question 23

an early Whig politician who gained nationwide fame for his opposition to the Mexican-American War and went against Stephen Douglas in the 1859 Illinois Senate race debates. He won the election of 1860, which caused the Southern states to secede, and was the 16th president throughout the American Civil War.

Answer 23

Abraham Lincoln

Question 24

Name of the government that seceded from the Union after the election of President Lincoln in 1860 as they were scared Lincoln was going to end slavery. Was also known as the Confederacy and Jefferson Davis was elected as president.

Answer 24

Confederate States of America

Question 25

Only president of the Confederate States of America, voted on by the Southern representatives. When he was a Mississippi senator, he introduced a resolution to protect slavery in the territories but was rejected by Stephen Douglas’s northern supporters. He was also a Democratic politician and hero of the Mexican-American War.

Answer 25

Jefferson Davis

Question 26

the withdrawal of 11 slave states (states in which slaveholding was legal) from the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln. This precipitated the American Civil War.

Answer 26

Secession