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Pathology > Unit 9: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Unit 9: Lymphatic System Flashcards

0
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

encapsulated (fibrous connective)

–lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

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1
Q

Lymphoid Tissues

A

connective tissues
–in the lining of body cavities
–in body organs - digestive, respiratory, urinary

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2
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A
  • Lymphatic capillaries
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymphatic trunks
  • Lymphatic duct
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3
Q

Function

A

•Transports: about three (3) liters of fluid (called LYMPH) from tissues back to blood vessels every 24 hours

•Protects: and defends body against diseases by:
–producing white blood cells & phagocytes
–housing agranular leukocytes

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4
Q

Components of lymph

A

proteins, fats, and fat soluble vitamins (D,A,K,E) transported from digestive tract to blood

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5
Q

Common Signs & Symptoms of Lymphatic Diseases

A
  • Most disorders related to diseases of other systems (infection somewhere in the body)
  • Fever, fatigue, weight loss
  • Lymphocytosis or lymphocytopenia
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6
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

swelling or enlargement of one or more lymph nodes

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7
Q

Most common symptom of Lymphadenopathy

A

enlargement of the nodes

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8
Q

Generalized Lymphadenopathy

A

multiple lymph nodes are diseased

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9
Q

Etiology of Generalized Lymphadenopathy

A

–leukemia
–metastatic neoplasms
–infections - TB, syphilis, fungal
–mononucleosis

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10
Q

Localized Lymphadenopathy

A

a few lymph nodes are diseased

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11
Q

Axillary Lymphadenopathy

A

caused by
–injury or infection of hands, arms, upper chest
–metastatic cancers from the lungs & breasts

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12
Q

Cervical (neck) lymphadenopathy

A 
caused by
–respiratory infections
–injury or infection of the head or upper chest
–mononucleosis, leukemia
–lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease
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13
Q

Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

A

caused by
–injury or infection of feet, legs, groin, abdomen
–leukemia, mononucleosis, STDs
–late stage Hodgkin’s disease
–inflammation of the intestines, gall bladder, appendix, urinary tract

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14
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

•Usually physiologic as lymph nodes receive exudates from a site of injury or infection

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15
Q

Specific infections may grow in the lymph nodes and cause harm, e.g.,

A

–TB
–Syphilis in the late stages
–Typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella)
–Tularemia (rabbit fever) – transmitted to humans
–Any infection from the gall bladder or appendix

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16
Q

Lymphangitis

A

infection of lymph vessels

•common complication of a bacterial infection - acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection of the skin

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17
Q

Lymphangitis: Symptoms

A
  • Red streaks from infected area to armpit or groin (may be faint or obvious)
  • Throbbing pain along the affected area
  • Fever of 100-104 F
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
  • Muscle aches
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18
Q

Tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils (sore throat)

19
Q

Tonsils

A

lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and the nose
•help to filter out bacteria & other microorganisms to prevent infection
•become inflamed when overwhelmed by bacterial or viral infection

20
Q

Tonsillitis: Symptoms

A 
•Difficulty swallowing
•Sore throat - lasts longer than 48 hours & may be severe
•Tenderness of the jaw and throat
•Voice changes, or
   loss of voice
•Ear pain
•Fever, chills
•Headache

0

http://www.ghorayeb.com/AcuteTonsillitis.html

21
Q

Neoplasms

A

Most are malignant

-called lymphomas=malignant lymphoma or lymphosarcoma

22
Q

Two main types of neoplasms

A
  • hodgkin’s lymphoma

- non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

23
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

most common lymphoma
•probably viral cause or genetic predisposition
•cancer cells – Reed-Sternberg cells (derive from B-Lymphocytes; very important for diagnosis)
•age 24 - 40, more common in males
•cancerous lymph nodes or tissues become hard & calcified
spread to lungs, spleen & lining of intestines
•some disfigurement over a period of month to years as the neoplasm spreads to other lymph nodes & lymph tissue
•life expectancy: 2-10 years
•20% mortality rate

24
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma begins with…

A

–tender, painless & enlarged cervical (most common) lymph nodes, usually on one side
–weight loss & fever

25
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A
  • Probably due to immunosuppressive meds
  • B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes
  • age 40-55, more males than females
26
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma begins with

A

–painless, enlarged cervical, axillary & inguinal nodes
–fever, night sweats & weight loss
•spreads faster - 25% 5 year survival rate
* lymph tissue is often the site of spread metastatic cancers of lungs, breast & stomach

27
Q

Spleen

A

Lymphatic organ

28
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

29
Q

Splenomegaly etiology

A

–trauma or injury to ribs or abdomen on left side
–infections - mononucleosis, salmonella, viruses
–neoplasms (leukemia)

30
Q

Symptoms of spleenomegaly

A

–tenderness, pain & discomfort on the left side

–anemia (damage to red blood cells)

31
Q

Danger of spleenomegaly

A

rupture of the spleen and hemorrhage

32
Q

Hyperspleenism

A

overactive spleen

-filters out too many RBCs–> increased destruction anemia

33
Q

Thymus

A

Lymphoid organ, near thyroid & the heart

  • most active during childhood producing T-lymphocytes
  • at puberty it is totally inactive & starts turning into fatty tissue
34
Q

Malignant Thyoma

A

cancer of the thymus

  • occurs in young adults
  • metastasizes slowly, if at all
  • causes swelling in the neck
  • easily diagnosed –>surgically removed
35
Q

Lymphedema

A

blockage of lymphatic drainage

36
Q

Filariasis

A

results from scar tissue formation or parasitic infections—> may cause elephantiasis

37
Q

elephantiasis

A

grossly distended, swollen limbs and external genitalia

38
Q

Postmortem Conditions

A
  • Edema
  • Emanciation
  • Dehydration
  • Metastasis
39
Q

Hyster–

A

prefix meaning uterus

40
Q

–iasis

A

suffix meaning a process

41
Q

Iatrogenic

A

results from the adverse activity of medical personnel

42
Q

Idiopathic

A

of unknown cause

43
Q

Inclusions

A

any foreign or heterogenous substance contained in a cell or in any tissue or organ that was not introduced as a result of trauma

44
Q

Indigenous Flora

A

Plant life occurring or adapted for living in a specific environment

45
Q

Infarction

A

formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area

46
Q

Infection

A

the state or condition in which the body or a part is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects.

Pathology (17 decks)

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