Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Unit 16: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 16: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermis

A

underlying connective tissue-supports blood and vessels, fibers, nerves hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

A

is not part of skin, but it shares some of skin’s protectvie functions-contains adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

skin color is due to _________

A

pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

melanin

A

yellow to black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carotene

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hemoglobin

A

reddish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color due to lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pigment Disorders

A
  • Albinism

- vitiligo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Albinism

A

autosomal recessive inherited genetic defect causing a lack of or deficient production of melanin
-risk of skin cancer and sensitivity to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitiligo

A

Progressive skin disorder manifested by destruction of melanocytes

  • White patches of the skin, colorless hair, abnormalities or inflammation of retina or Iris of the eyes
  • can begin at any age but about 50% of the time it starts before the age of 20
  • affects both sexes and all races
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause of vitiligo

A

Cause is not known; possible risk factors include immune system disorders, hereditary, sunburn, and emotional distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
-plugged skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blackhead (oxidized)

A

Open acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whitehead (infected)

A

Closed acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Most common; affects more than 90% of adolescents in the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Etiology of acne vulgaris

A

– Endocrine disorder due to increased production of sex hormones; increase in size and activity of sebaceous glands on face, neck, chest and back
– Hereditary or food allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis (Seborrhea)

A

Chronic dandruff; cradle cap in infants

-common inflammatory skin disorder affecting areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are prominent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cause of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Probably caused by inflammatory response to the body’s normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Symptoms of Seborrheic

A

Increase production of sebum, inflammation of the skin, causes dry to greasy, flaky white to yellowish to red scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inflammatory lesions

A

Encapsulated lesions; bacterial skin infection, need to be open and surgically drained
Abscess, Furuncle,Carbuncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Etiology of inflammatory lesions

A

Staphylococcus

24
Q

Symptoms of inflammatory lesions

A

Inflammation, infection and pain

25
Q

Furunclce

A

Abscess or pyogenic infection of sweat gland or hair follicle

26
Q

Carbuncle

A

Several communicating boils of skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

27
Q

Staphylococcus infections

A

Group of bacteria known as staph (Looks like a bunch of grapes or round berries)
-can cause illness directly by infection or indirectly through toxins

28
Q

Impetigo

A
  • acute contagious skin infection with pus filled lesions on the face and hands (children)
  • local
  • usually due to poor hygene, malnutrition
29
Q

Streptococci

A

Various species of bacteria that occur in pairs or chains

  • Often manifested by formation of pus
  • associated with wound infection or scarlet fever
30
Q

Scarlett fever

A

Highly contagious; spread by sneezing, coughing

31
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Fever, lethargy, sore throat, bumpy rash on skin, flushed cheeks, strawberry tongue

32
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema Palladium bacteria penetrate skin and mucous membranes

33
Q

Primary stage of syphilis

A

Initially painless, highly contagious lesions; disappear in 3 to 6 weeks

34
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

3 to 6 weeks after chancre,skin rash (palms, soles, mouth or whole body), highly contagious heals within several weeks or months

35
Q

Tertiary stage of syphilis

A

Damage to the heart, eyes (blindness), Brain and nervous system, bones and joints

36
Q

Herpes

A

Viral skin infection; cause inflammation of the skin and clusters of fluid filled vesicles

37
Q

Herpesvirus varicella zoster virus

A

Cause chickenpox, highly contagious, by direct contact with skin lesion, most common in children

38
Q

Shingles (herpes zoster virus

A

Acute inflammation of sensory neurons caused by exposure to or reactivation of herpes zoster virus (Same that causes chickenpox)
-occurs and adults with suppressed immunity, due to trauma or aging

39
Q

Symptoms of shingles

A
  • itching, red rash, small water blisters that follow the course of the affected sensory nerve
  • pain due to neuritis of sensory nerve
40
Q

Lyme Disease

A

bacterial infection by Borrelia burgdorferi

-transmitted to humans by bite of infected ticks

41
Q

Symptoms of Lyme disease

A

Fever, headache, fatigue into skin rash called ERYTHEMA MIGRANS
-untreated infection can spread to joints, heart and nervous system

42
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Cells of the epidermis and hypodermis, most common, slow-growing, least malignant
-usually on the sun exposed areas like face, nose, lips

43
Q

Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma

A

raised lesions, may bleed and form a crust

44
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

more serious than basal cell, because it grows more rapidly and metastasizes through lymphatic system

  • develops in any squamous epithelium including skin and mucous membranes
  • often on sun exposed areas: scalp, ears, lower lip & hands
45
Q

Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma

A

crusted, firm, red nodule, that ulcerates & bleeds

46
Q

predisposing factors of squamous cell carcinoma

A

actinic keratinosis, chronic ulcers, exposure to some chemicals

47
Q

Melanocytic Nevus (Mole)

A

small, dark (pigmented) skin growth

  • most moles are benign, but atypical moles (dysplasic nevi) may develop into malignant melanoma
  • usually hereditary
  • most are bigger than a pencil eraser, shape and pigmentation are irregular
48
Q

congenital nevi

A

most likely to become cancerous than moles that develop after birth, especially if they are more than 8 inches in diameter.

49
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • cancer of melnocytes

- most dangerous because metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels

50
Q

Predisposing factors of malignant melanoma

A
  • melanocytic nevus
  • exposure to some chemicals (arsenic, radium)
  • related to severe childhood sunburn
  • warning signs (ABCD rule)
  • majority in men appear on back
  • majority in women appear on legs
51
Q

Skin burns

A

damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals, all of which denature cell proteins and cause cell death

52
Q

skin burn severity depends on

A
  • extent (body area)

- degree (depends of which layers of the skin are involved)

53
Q

first degree burn

A

epidermis only

54
Q

second degree burn

A

epidermis & upper dermis

55
Q

third degree burn

A

full thickness

56
Q

Postmortem conditions

A
  • discolorations
  • dehydration
  • lesions
  • pigmentation or depigmented spots
  • swelling
57
Q

Functions of the skin

A 
Protection against 
-dehydration
-mechanical (abraision), chemical thermal, ultraviolet and bacterial damage
Sensation
Temperature regulation
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Excretion of wastes

Pathology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions