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Pathology > Unit 16: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 16: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
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2
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

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3
Q

Dermis

A

underlying connective tissue-supports blood and vessels, fibers, nerves hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

A

is not part of skin, but it shares some of skin’s protectvie functions-contains adipose tissue

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5
Q

skin color is due to _________

A

pigments

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6
Q

melanin

A

yellow to black

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7
Q

carotene

A

yellow

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8
Q

hemoglobin

A

reddish

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9
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color due to lack of oxygen

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10
Q

Pigment Disorders

A
  • Albinism

- vitiligo

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11
Q

Albinism

A

autosomal recessive inherited genetic defect causing a lack of or deficient production of melanin
-risk of skin cancer and sensitivity to light

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12
Q

Vitiligo

A

Progressive skin disorder manifested by destruction of melanocytes

  • White patches of the skin, colorless hair, abnormalities or inflammation of retina or Iris of the eyes
  • can begin at any age but about 50% of the time it starts before the age of 20
  • affects both sexes and all races
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13
Q

Cause of vitiligo

A

Cause is not known; possible risk factors include immune system disorders, hereditary, sunburn, and emotional distress

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14
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
-plugged skin

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15
Q

Blackhead (oxidized)

A

Open acne

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16
Q

Whitehead (infected)

A

Closed acne

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17
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Most common; affects more than 90% of adolescents in the US

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18
Q

Etiology of acne vulgaris

A

– Endocrine disorder due to increased production of sex hormones; increase in size and activity of sebaceous glands on face, neck, chest and back
– Hereditary or food allergies

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19
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis (Seborrhea)

A

Chronic dandruff; cradle cap in infants

-common inflammatory skin disorder affecting areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are prominent

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20
Q

Cause of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Probably caused by inflammatory response to the body’s normal flora

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21
Q

Symptoms of Seborrheic

A

Increase production of sebum, inflammation of the skin, causes dry to greasy, flaky white to yellowish to red scales

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22
Q

Inflammatory lesions

A

Encapsulated lesions; bacterial skin infection, need to be open and surgically drained
Abscess, Furuncle,Carbuncle

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23
Q

Etiology of inflammatory lesions

A

Staphylococcus

24
Q

Symptoms of inflammatory lesions

A

Inflammation, infection and pain

25
Furunclce
Abscess or pyogenic infection of sweat gland or hair follicle
26
Carbuncle
Several communicating boils of skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
27
Staphylococcus infections
Group of bacteria known as staph (Looks like a bunch of grapes or round berries) -can cause illness directly by infection or indirectly through toxins
28
Impetigo
- acute contagious skin infection with pus filled lesions on the face and hands (children) - local - usually due to poor hygene, malnutrition
29
Streptococci
Various species of bacteria that occur in pairs or chains - Often manifested by formation of pus - associated with wound infection or scarlet fever
30
Scarlett fever
Highly contagious; spread by sneezing, coughing
31
Symptoms of scarlet fever
Fever, lethargy, sore throat, bumpy rash on skin, flushed cheeks, strawberry tongue
32
Syphilis
Treponema Palladium bacteria penetrate skin and mucous membranes
33
Primary stage of syphilis
Initially painless, highly contagious lesions; disappear in 3 to 6 weeks
34
Secondary stage of syphilis
3 to 6 weeks after chancre,skin rash (palms, soles, mouth or whole body), highly contagious heals within several weeks or months
35
Tertiary stage of syphilis
Damage to the heart, eyes (blindness), Brain and nervous system, bones and joints
36
Herpes
Viral skin infection; cause inflammation of the skin and clusters of fluid filled vesicles
37
Herpesvirus varicella zoster virus
Cause chickenpox, highly contagious, by direct contact with skin lesion, most common in children
38
Shingles (herpes zoster virus
Acute inflammation of sensory neurons caused by exposure to or reactivation of herpes zoster virus (Same that causes chickenpox) -occurs and adults with suppressed immunity, due to trauma or aging
39
Symptoms of shingles
- itching, red rash, small water blisters that follow the course of the affected sensory nerve - pain due to neuritis of sensory nerve
40
Lyme Disease
bacterial infection by Borrelia burgdorferi | -transmitted to humans by bite of infected ticks
41
Symptoms of Lyme disease
Fever, headache, fatigue into skin rash called ERYTHEMA MIGRANS -untreated infection can spread to joints, heart and nervous system
42
Basal cell carcinoma
Cells of the epidermis and hypodermis, most common, slow-growing, least malignant -usually on the sun exposed areas like face, nose, lips
43
Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma
raised lesions, may bleed and form a crust
44
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
more serious than basal cell, because it grows more rapidly and metastasizes through lymphatic system - develops in any squamous epithelium including skin and mucous membranes - often on sun exposed areas: scalp, ears, lower lip & hands
45
Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
crusted, firm, red nodule, that ulcerates & bleeds
46
predisposing factors of squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratinosis, chronic ulcers, exposure to some chemicals
47
Melanocytic Nevus (Mole)
small, dark (pigmented) skin growth - most moles are benign, but atypical moles (dysplasic nevi) may develop into malignant melanoma - usually hereditary - most are bigger than a pencil eraser, shape and pigmentation are irregular
48
congenital nevi
most likely to become cancerous than moles that develop after birth, especially if they are more than 8 inches in diameter.
49
Malignant Melanoma
- cancer of melnocytes | - most dangerous because metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels
50
Predisposing factors of malignant melanoma
- melanocytic nevus - exposure to some chemicals (arsenic, radium) - related to severe childhood sunburn - warning signs (ABCD rule) - majority in men appear on back - majority in women appear on legs
51
Skin burns
damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals, all of which denature cell proteins and cause cell death
52
skin burn severity depends on
- extent (body area) | - degree (depends of which layers of the skin are involved)
53
first degree burn
epidermis only
54
second degree burn
epidermis & upper dermis
55
third degree burn
full thickness
56
Postmortem conditions
- discolorations - dehydration - lesions - pigmentation or depigmented spots - swelling
57
Functions of the skin
``` Protection against -dehydration -mechanical (abraision), chemical thermal, ultraviolet and bacterial damage Sensation Temperature regulation -Vitamin D synthesis -Excretion of wastes ```

Pathology (17 decks)

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