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Pathology > Unit 1-Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease > Flashcards

Unit 1-Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What is the importance of pathology to the funeral service professional?

A
  • discover the Etiology and pathogenesis of disease
  • understand medical terminology
  • emphasize potential health hazards and complications from certain diseases
  • understand autopsy techniques and benefits
  • understand the importance of medical research
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1
Q

Pathology

A

The study of nature and cause of disease which involves changes in body structure and function.

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2
Q

Anatomic pathology

A

(Morbid anatomy) deals with structural changes in disease

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3
Q

Gross pathology

A

Study of changes in body structures that result from disease and are readily seen with the naked eye

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4
Q

Microscopic pathology

A

(Histopathology) the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease

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5
Q

Surgical pathology

A

Study of tissue specimens excised surgically in a major or minor operation

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6
Q

Clinical pathology

A

Study of disease by means of body secretions, excretions, and other body fluids. performed in the laboratory in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

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7
Q

Physiological pathology

A

(Pathophysiology) the study of changes and physiological processes (body functions) due to disease

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8
Q

Medicolegal (forensic) pathology

A

Study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death. concerned with accidents and homicides without regard to any particular organ or system; may use autopsy to determine cause of death

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9
Q

General Pathology

A

Deals with the study of widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death or repair, without reference to particular tissue, organs, or systems

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10
Q

Special pathology

A

Deals with specific features of disease in relation to particular tissue, organs or systems

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11
Q

Autopsy

A

(Necropsy/Necroscopy)

an after death examination of the body organs and tissues to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions

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12
Q

What is the importance of an autopsy?

A
  • To confirm, amplify, reject or alter clinical diagnosis
  • Advance medical knowledge and research
  • assist in medicolegal cases to determine identification of deceased, cause and manner of death
  • alleviate concerns of family members
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13
Q

Coroner

A

A public officer of the special court, medical officer or an officer of the law responsible for identification of a dead body and investigating deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances

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14
Q

American ______ are almost always officials of the state government or of the local county government

A

Coroners

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15
Q

Coroners are usually NOT a ______ _______.

A

Medical Doctor

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16
Q

Medical examiner

A

A physician officially authorized by the government. Specialist in pathology or forensic medicine, ascertains causes of death, especially those not occurring under natural circumstances.

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17
Q

In some cases a medical examiner must be both a ____ & ____

A

Doctor and a lawyer

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18
Q

To examine employees of a particular firm or applicants for life insurance is also the job of a _______ _______.

A

Medical examiner

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19
Q

Nature

A

Essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

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20
Q

Disease

A

State of functional disequilibrium, change in function or structure (@ organ or system level) that is considered to be abnormal

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21
Q

What results from infection, genetic defect, environmental factors or stress?

A

Disease

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22
Q

Diseases are characterized by ____ & ____.

A

signs & symptoms

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23
Q

Acute

A

Rapid onset and short duration

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24
Chronic
Slow onset and long duration
25
What is Virchow's concept of disease?
Cell level--> tissue--> organs--> whole body
26
Severity depends on what?
Which organs are diseased and the interdependence of other organs to the disease organ.
27
Vital organs include...
The heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract
28
Pathogenesis
The manner in which a disease develops (natural history and development)
29
Lesion
Any structural changes in tissues produced by disease
30
Diagnosis
Identifying the nature and cause of the disease or injury through evaluation of patient history, examination, and laboratory data
31
Prognosis
Prediction of the outcome of a disease
32
Symptoms
Subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by patient but not directly measurable (pain, headache)
33
Signs
Objective disturbances produced by disease, observed by physician, nurse, or person attending to patient (pulse, fever)
34
Syndrome
Set of clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory findings and physiological disturbances indicating the presence of a disease or inherited abnormality.
35
Cushing syndrome
Results from excess steroids (due to medical treatment) adrenal hyperplasia, or pituitary tumor.
36
Fulminating
Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
37
Exacerbation
increase in severity of a disease
38
Remission
(abatement) temporary cessation of symptoms of a disease.
39
Recurrence
(relapse) reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission
40
Complication
unfavorable condition arising during the course of disease (infection of testes following mumps)
41
Sequel
aftermath of a particular disease ( damage to heart after rheumatic fever)
42
Deficiency
disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance
43
Infection
caused by microorganism, and may be transmitted from person to person or animal to person
44
Communicable
a disease that maybe transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another
45
Allergies
hypersensitivity to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction.
46
Febrile
term associated with fever
47
Occupational
a disease with an abnormally high rate of occurrence in members of the workforce
48
Intoxication
state of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance; chemical poisoning
49
Infestation
harboring of animal parasites, especially macroscopic forms such as ticks or misquitoes.
50
Functional
a condition or disease in which there is impairment in function
51
Organic (structural)
A condition or disease in which there is a change in structure of anatomy.
52
Endemic
disease that occurs continuously in particular population, has low mortality (measles).
53
Epidemic
appearance of infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time and same geographical area.
54
Pandemic
epidemic, widespread, worldwide event.
55
Sporadic
disease that occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner.
56
Prevalence
number of cases of a disease occurring at a given time in a specific population
57
______ allows to determine the impact, significance, & likelihood of a disease for a given population; used to direct healthcare resources and research.
prevelance
58
Mortality
number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population over a given time.
59
Morbidity
measure of disability and extent of illness caused by a disease in a given population over a given time.
60
predisposing factors
conditions that make one or more susceptible to disease
61
example of age being a predisposing factor of disease
newborns and elderly having low immunity
62
example of race being a predisposing factor of disease
hereditary and geographical factors (sickle cell anemia)
63
example of genetics being a predisposing factor of disease
coronary heart disease, breast & cervical cancers
64
example of gender being a predisposing factor of disease
- men having a higher disposition for lung cancer, gout & parkinsons, - females having a higher disposition for osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
65
example of occupation being a predisposing factor of disease
miners having a higher disposition to lung diseases
66
example of environment being a predisposing factor of disease
air & water pollution, overcrowded areas.
67
example of emotions being a predisposing factor of disease
personality types might suppress immunity.
68
example of nutritional status being a predisposing factor of disease
malnutrition (goiter) & obesity (diabetes)
69
other examples of predisposing factors of disease
alcoholism, smoking, fatigue
70
Exogenous Etiology of Disease
- physical agents (mechanical, thermal, radiation) - Chemical agents (pollutants) - Biological agents (infectious agents)
71
Endogenous Etiology of Disease
- Physiological - Immunological - Genetic - Deficiency of essential substances (malnutrition)
72
Exciting Causes of disease
actual causes; immediately produce disease, or excite the action of predisposing causes
73
Basic Cause of Death
entity responsible for death at the time of terminal event or prior to and leading to the terminal event.
74
A
Prefix that means without or not
75
Abatement
decrease in, such as in pain
76
Abrasion
an excoriation, a circumscribed removal of the epidermis of skin or mucous membrane
77
Abcess
localized accumulation of pus
78
Acapnia
marked decrease in blood carbon dioxide content
79
Acidosis
condition in which there is an excessive amount of acid in the blood
80
Acquired
presents itself after birth
81
Acquired disease
A disease which is not congenital, but has developed since birth.
82
Acro
Prefix that means extremity
83
Acromegally
hyper-function of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed
84
adeno
prefix that means gland
85
adenoma
a neoplasm formed by glandular epithelium
86
Algia
suffix meaning pain
87
alkalosis
condition in which there is an excessive amount of alkali in the blood.
88
Alzheimer's Disease
pre-senile dementia occurring usually in persons over 60 years of age; thought to be associated with neurofibril degeneration.
89
Amelia
congenital absence of one or more limbs
90
An
prefix meaning without
91
anasarca
generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
92
anemia
a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both
93
Aneurysm
a localized dilation of a blood vessel
94
angio
suffix meaning vessel
95
angioma
a swelling or tumor due to dilation of the blood vessels or lymphatics
96
anoxia
deficient blood oxygen supplies to tissues

Pathology (17 decks)

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