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Pathology > Unit 1-Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease > Flashcards

Unit 1-Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What is the importance of pathology to the funeral service professional?

A
  • discover the Etiology and pathogenesis of disease
  • understand medical terminology
  • emphasize potential health hazards and complications from certain diseases
  • understand autopsy techniques and benefits
  • understand the importance of medical research
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1
Q

Pathology

A

The study of nature and cause of disease which involves changes in body structure and function.

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2
Q

Anatomic pathology

A

(Morbid anatomy) deals with structural changes in disease

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3
Q

Gross pathology

A

Study of changes in body structures that result from disease and are readily seen with the naked eye

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4
Q

Microscopic pathology

A

(Histopathology) the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease

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5
Q

Surgical pathology

A

Study of tissue specimens excised surgically in a major or minor operation

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6
Q

Clinical pathology

A

Study of disease by means of body secretions, excretions, and other body fluids. performed in the laboratory in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

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7
Q

Physiological pathology

A

(Pathophysiology) the study of changes and physiological processes (body functions) due to disease

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8
Q

Medicolegal (forensic) pathology

A

Study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death. concerned with accidents and homicides without regard to any particular organ or system; may use autopsy to determine cause of death

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9
Q

General Pathology

A

Deals with the study of widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death or repair, without reference to particular tissue, organs, or systems

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10
Q

Special pathology

A

Deals with specific features of disease in relation to particular tissue, organs or systems

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11
Q

Autopsy

A

(Necropsy/Necroscopy)

an after death examination of the body organs and tissues to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions

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12
Q

What is the importance of an autopsy?

A
  • To confirm, amplify, reject or alter clinical diagnosis
  • Advance medical knowledge and research
  • assist in medicolegal cases to determine identification of deceased, cause and manner of death
  • alleviate concerns of family members
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13
Q

Coroner

A

A public officer of the special court, medical officer or an officer of the law responsible for identification of a dead body and investigating deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances

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14
Q

American ______ are almost always officials of the state government or of the local county government

A

Coroners

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15
Q

Coroners are usually NOT a ______ _______.

A

Medical Doctor

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16
Q

Medical examiner

A

A physician officially authorized by the government. Specialist in pathology or forensic medicine, ascertains causes of death, especially those not occurring under natural circumstances.

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17
Q

In some cases a medical examiner must be both a ____ & ____

A

Doctor and a lawyer

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18
Q

To examine employees of a particular firm or applicants for life insurance is also the job of a _______ _______.

A

Medical examiner

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19
Q

Nature

A

Essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

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20
Q

Disease

A

State of functional disequilibrium, change in function or structure (@ organ or system level) that is considered to be abnormal

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21
Q

What results from infection, genetic defect, environmental factors or stress?

A

Disease

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22
Q

Diseases are characterized by ____ & ____.

A

signs & symptoms

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23
Q

Acute

A

Rapid onset and short duration

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24
Q

Chronic

A

Slow onset and long duration

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25
Q

What is Virchow’s concept of disease?

A

Cell level–> tissue–> organs–> whole body

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26
Q

Severity depends on what?

A

Which organs are diseased and the interdependence of other organs to the disease organ.

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27
Q

Vital organs include…

A

The heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract

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28
Q

Pathogenesis

A

The manner in which a disease develops (natural history and development)

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29
Q

Lesion

A

Any structural changes in tissues produced by disease

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30
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identifying the nature and cause of the disease or injury through evaluation of patient history, examination, and laboratory data

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31
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction of the outcome of a disease

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32
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by patient but not directly measurable (pain, headache)

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33
Q

Signs

A

Objective disturbances produced by disease, observed by physician, nurse, or person attending to patient (pulse, fever)

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34
Q

Syndrome

A

Set of clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory findings and physiological disturbances indicating the presence of a disease or inherited abnormality.

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35
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Results from excess steroids (due to medical treatment) adrenal hyperplasia, or pituitary tumor.

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36
Q

Fulminating

A

Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal

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37
Q

Exacerbation

A

increase in severity of a disease

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38
Q

Remission

A

(abatement) temporary cessation of symptoms of a disease.

39
Q

Recurrence

A

(relapse) reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission

40
Q

Complication

A

unfavorable condition arising during the course of disease (infection of testes following mumps)

41
Q

Sequel

A

aftermath of a particular disease ( damage to heart after rheumatic fever)

42
Q

Deficiency

A

disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance

43
Q

Infection

A

caused by microorganism, and may be transmitted from person to person or animal to person

44
Q

Communicable

A

a disease that maybe transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another

45
Q

Allergies

A

hypersensitivity to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction.

46
Q

Febrile

A

term associated with fever

47
Q

Occupational

A

a disease with an abnormally high rate of occurrence in members of the workforce

48
Q

Intoxication

A

state of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance; chemical poisoning

49
Q

Infestation

A

harboring of animal parasites, especially macroscopic forms such as ticks or misquitoes.

50
Q

Functional

A

a condition or disease in which there is impairment in function

51
Q

Organic (structural)

A

A condition or disease in which there is a change in structure of anatomy.

52
Q

Endemic

A

disease that occurs continuously in particular population, has low mortality (measles).

53
Q

Epidemic

A

appearance of infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time and same geographical area.

54
Q

Pandemic

A

epidemic, widespread, worldwide event.

55
Q

Sporadic

A

disease that occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner.

56
Q

Prevalence

A

number of cases of a disease occurring at a given time in a specific population

57
Q

______ allows to determine the impact, significance, & likelihood of a disease for a given population; used to direct healthcare resources and research.

A

prevelance

58
Q

Mortality

A

number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population over a given time.

59
Q

Morbidity

A

measure of disability and extent of illness caused by a disease in a given population over a given time.

60
Q

predisposing factors

A

conditions that make one or more susceptible to disease

61
Q

example of age being a predisposing factor of disease

A

newborns and elderly having low immunity

62
Q

example of race being a predisposing factor of disease

A

hereditary and geographical factors (sickle cell anemia)

63
Q

example of genetics being a predisposing factor of disease

A

coronary heart disease, breast & cervical cancers

64
Q

example of gender being a predisposing factor of disease

A
  • men having a higher disposition for lung cancer, gout & parkinsons,
  • females having a higher disposition for osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
65
Q

example of occupation being a predisposing factor of disease

A

miners having a higher disposition to lung diseases

66
Q

example of environment being a predisposing factor of disease

A

air & water pollution, overcrowded areas.

67
Q

example of emotions being a predisposing factor of disease

A

personality types might suppress immunity.

68
Q

example of nutritional status being a predisposing factor of disease

A

malnutrition (goiter) & obesity (diabetes)

69
Q

other examples of predisposing factors of disease

A

alcoholism, smoking, fatigue

70
Q

Exogenous Etiology of Disease

A
  • physical agents (mechanical, thermal, radiation)
  • Chemical agents (pollutants)
  • Biological agents (infectious agents)
71
Q

Endogenous Etiology of Disease

A
  • Physiological
  • Immunological
  • Genetic
  • Deficiency of essential substances (malnutrition)
72
Q

Exciting Causes of disease

A

actual causes; immediately produce disease, or excite the action of predisposing causes

73
Q

Basic Cause of Death

A

entity responsible for death at the time of terminal event or prior to and leading to the terminal event.

74
Q

A

A

Prefix that means without or not

75
Q

Abatement

A

decrease in, such as in pain

76
Q

Abrasion

A

an excoriation, a circumscribed removal of the epidermis of skin or mucous membrane

77
Q

Abcess

A

localized accumulation of pus

78
Q

Acapnia

A

marked decrease in blood carbon dioxide content

79
Q

Acidosis

A

condition in which there is an excessive amount of acid in the blood

80
Q

Acquired

A

presents itself after birth

81
Q

Acquired disease

A

A disease which is not congenital, but has developed since birth.

82
Q

Acro

A

Prefix that means extremity

83
Q

Acromegally

A

hyper-function of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed

84
Q

adeno

A

prefix that means gland

85
Q

adenoma

A

a neoplasm formed by glandular epithelium

86
Q

Algia

A

suffix meaning pain

87
Q

alkalosis

A

condition in which there is an excessive amount of alkali in the blood.

88
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

pre-senile dementia occurring usually in persons over 60 years of age; thought to be associated with neurofibril degeneration.

89
Q

Amelia

A

congenital absence of one or more limbs

90
Q

An

A

prefix meaning without

91
Q

anasarca

A

generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue

92
Q

anemia

A

a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both

93
Q

Aneurysm

A

a localized dilation of a blood vessel

94
Q

angio

A

suffix meaning vessel

95
Q

angioma

A

a swelling or tumor due to dilation of the blood vessels or lymphatics

96
Q

anoxia

A

deficient blood oxygen supplies to tissues

Pathology (17 decks)

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