Unit 8 Flashcards
atelectasis
collapse of part of lung leading to impeded filling
what type of problem is atelectasis
str problem
when is atelectasis permanent
if alveoli and wall are stuck together
3 types of atelectasis
obstr/resorptive
compression
contraction
what is obstr/resoprtive atelectasis dt
aw obstr (by mucous?) -> trapped air -> air is apsorbed into caps -> local collapse
what is compression atelec dt
ext p on lungs causing collapse
what is contraction atelec dt
lung trauma -> healing pulls area of injury together by depositing scar tissue -> pulls ends together -> contraction -> collapse of part of lung
mnfts of atelec
dyspnea
tacnypnea
dec chest expansion
inc hr
what is dyspnea rt in atlec
l/o lung capacity
what is tachypnea rt in atlec
dec vent
is tachypnea in atlec compensatory
yes
why is there inc hr in atlec
collapsed areas cannot expand leadint to dec chest expansion
is inc hr in atlec compensatory
yes
dx for atlec
px
cxr (large area)
ct (small area)
bronchoscopy
tx for atlec
tx cause
plueral effusion
accum of fluid in plueral space
what is pleural effusion dt
dt abn seepage or drainage
what is pleural effusion directly rt
transcap exch/seepage
exudate in plueral effusion
inflm fluid with inc protein content
transudate in PE
non inflm fluid with dec protein content
empyema in PE
purulent fluid dt bact inf
hemothorax in PE
blood
chylothorax in PE
lymph
Et of PE
usually CHF
infc, ca, infarct
why may infection cause PE
inc exudate
why may ca cause PE
tumor->obstr
why may infarct cause PE
obstr
why may obstr cause PE
areas prior to obstr have inc in fluid -> impaired TCE
how does fluid enter parietal memb
parietal caps
where does excess fluid drain into
parietal lymphatics
what happens when fluid entry into parietal caps exceeds drainage
PE
what are mnfts of PE based on
cause and vol
3 main mnfts of of PE
dyspnea
plueritic pain
lung compression
why does dyspnea occur in PE
poor ventilation
why does plueritic pain occur in PE
fluid accum applies in P in lungs
dx of PE
XR ( large vol) US, CT
Tx of PE
identify cause
how do you identify cause of PE
fluid analysis via paracenthesis
when do you use a chest tube to tx PE
for slower, long term drainage if problem cant be fixed quickly
when can PE fluid not be drained
if fluid has inc viscosity, -> sx
what if PE is a reoccuring problem
palliative pts only, use a sclerosing agent to remove space between membs
